COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89, 1981

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89, 1981



COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - TABLE OF PROVISIONS

1.......Short title.
2.......Commencement
3.......Objects and application
4.......Repeal
5.......Interpretation
6.......References to affairs of a corporation
7.......Subsidiaries, holding companies and related corporations
8.......Relevant interests in shares
9.......Associated persons
10......Interpretation
11......Commission may inspect books without charge
12......Power of Commission to require production of books
13......Power of magistrate to issue warrant to seize books
14......Offences
15......Copies or extracts of books to be admitted in evidence
16......Privilege
17......Application for registration as auditor or liquidator
18......Registration of auditors
19......Auditor-General deemed to be registered as auditor
20......Registration of liquidators
21......Registration of official liquidators
22......Security to be given by liquidators
23......Register of Auditors
24......Registers of Liquidators and Official Liquidators
25......Notification of certain matters
26......Triennial statements by registered auditors and liquidators
27......Cancellation or suspension of registration
28......Certain persons not to apply for registration as auditor or liquidator
29......Certain persons deemed to be registered under this Act
30......Auditors and other persons to enjoy qualified privilege in certain circumstances
31......Registers
32......Relodging of lost registered documents
33......Formation of companies
34......Proprietary companies
35......Registration and incorporation
36......Membership of holding company
37......Requirements as to memorandum
38......Interpretation
39......Names of particular classes of companies
40......Reservation and registration of name of intended company
41......Reservation of name of intended recognized company
42......Registration of name of recognized company
43......Reservation and registration of proposed new name of company
44......Reservation of proposed new name of recognized company
45......Registration of new name of recognized company
46......Reservation and registration of name of intended foreign company or foreign company
47......Reservation of name of intended recognized foreign company or recognized foreign company
48......Registration of name of recognized foreign company
49......Reservation and registration of proposed new name of registered foreign company
50......Reservation of proposed new name of recognized foreign company
51......Registration of new name of recognized foreign company
52......Reservation and registration of name of recognized company proposing to transfer incorporation to the Territory
53......Reservation of name of company or recognized company proposing to transfer incorporation to participating State or Territory
54......Registration of name of recognized company after transfer of incorporation to participating State or Territory
55......Reservation and registration of name of foreign company proposing to transfer incorporation to the Territory
56......Reservation of name of foreign company proposing to transfer incorporation to participating State or Territory
57......Registration of name of foreign company that has become a recognized company after transfer of incorporation to participating State or Territory
58......Extension of reservation
59......Notification that registration of name desired in a State or another Territory
60......Registration of name of recognized company or recognized foreign company in the Territory
61......Notification that registration of name no longer desired in a participating State or Territory
62......Cancellation of registration where registration in the Territory no longer desired
63......Cancellation of registration where company or foreign company dissolved or foreign company ceases to be registered
64......Cancellation of registration where name registered by mistake
65......Change of name
66......Omission of ''Limited'' in names of charitable and other companies
67......Powers
68......Ultra vires transactions
69......Change of status
70......Change from public to proprietary company or from proprietary to public company
71......Default in complying with requirements as to proprietary companies
72......General provisions as to alteration of memorandum
73......Alterations of provisions of memorandum
74......Articles of association
75......Adoption of Table A or B
76......Alteration of articles
77......Memorandum and articles of companies limited by guarantee
78......Effect of memorandum and articles
79......Copies of memorandum and articles
80......Confirmation of contracts and authentication and execution of documents
81......Ratification of contracts made before formation of company
82......Prohibition of carrying on business with fewer than statutory minimum number of members
83......Certificate authorizing application for transfer of incorporation
84......Application by recognized company for registration under Division
85......Application by foreign company for registration under Division
86......Registration of corporations as companies
87......Effect of registration
88......Alterations to constituent documents of foreign companies
89......Effect of registration of company under corresponding law
90......Application of this Act to corporations registered under this Division
91......Establishment of registers and minute books
92......Share warrants
93......Certificate of registration conclusive evidence
94......Interpretation
95......Prohibition of issue of certain documents in relation to proposed corporations
96......Forms of application for shares or debentures to be attached to prospectus
97......Invitations or offers in relation to borrowings by a corporation
98......Contents of prospectuses
99......Certain notices, &c., not to be published
100.....Certain reports referring to prospectuses not to be published
101.....Evidentiary provisions, &c.
102.....Retention of over-subscriptions in debenture issues
103.....Registration of prospectuses
104.....Document containing offer of shares for sale deemed to be prospectus
105.....Allotment or issue of shares or debentures where prospectus indicates
106.....Expert's consent to issue of prospectus containing statement by him
107.....Civil liability for untrue statement or non-disclosure in prospectus
108.....Criminal liability for untrue statement or non-disclosure in prospectus
109.....Power to exempt from compliance with Division or to declare that Division applies as if modified
110.....Prohibition of allotment unless minimum subscription received
111.....Application moneys to be held in trust until allotment
112.....Restriction on varying contracts referred to in prospectus
113.....Return as to allotments
114.....Differences in calls and payments, reserve liability, &c.
115.....Share warrants
116.....Restriction on application of capital of company
117.....Power to make certain payments
118.....Power to issue shares at a discount
119.....Issue of shares at premium
120.....Redeemable preference shares
121.....Power of company to alter its share capital
122.....Validation of shares improperly issued
123.....Special resolution for reduction of share capital
124.....Commission to be informed of special rights carried by, or division or conversion of, shares
125.....Rights of holders of classes of shares
126.....Rights of holders of shares
127.....Rights of classes of members
128.....Rights of holders of preference shares to be set out in memorandum or articles
129.....Company financing dealings in its shares, &c.
130.....Consequences of company financing dealings in its shares, &c.
131.....Register of options
132.....Options over unissued shares
133.....Power of company to pay interest out of capital in certain cases
134.....Application and interpretation
135.....Persons obliged to comply with Division
136.....Substantial shareholdings and substantial shareholders
137.....Substantial shareholder to notify company of his interests
138.....Substantial shareholder to notify company of change in his interests
139.....Person who ceases to be substantial shareholder to notify company
140.....References to operation of section 8
141.....Copy of notice to be served on stock exchange
142.....Commission may extend period for giving notice under this Division
143.....Company to keep register of substantial shareholders
144.....Offences against certain sections
145.....Knowledge of servant or agent imputed to master or principal
146.....Powers of court with respect to defaulting substantial shareholder
147.....Register of debenture holders and copies of trust deed
148.....Branch registers
149.....Specific performance of contracts
150.....Perpetual debentures
151.....Re-issue of redeemed debentures
152.....Qualifications of trustee for debenture holders
153.....Retirement of trustees
154.....Contents of trust deed
155.....Power of Court in relation to certain irredeemable debentures
156.....Duties of trustees
157.....Powers of trustee to apply to the Court for directions, &c.
158.....Obligations of borrowing corporation
159.....Obligation of guarantor corporation to furnish information
160.....Loans and deposits to be immediately repayable on certain events
161.....Invitations or offers by prescribed corporations
162.....Compliance with laws of State or other Territory sufficient compliance for certain companies
163.....Liability of trustees for debenture holders
164.....Interpretation
165.....Approved deeds
166.....Approval of deeds
167.....Approval of trustees
168.....Covenants to be included in deeds
169.....Prescribed interests to be issued by companies only
170.....Statement to be issued
171.....No issue without approved deed
172.....Register of holders of prescribed interests
173.....Returns, information, &c., relating to prescribed interests
174.....Penalty for breach of certain provisions or covenants
175.....Winding up of schemes, &c.
176.....Power to exempt from compliance with Division and non-application of Division in certain circumstances
177.....Liability of trustees
178.....Nature of shares
179.....Numbering of shares
180.....Certificate to be evidence of title
181.....Company may have duplicate common seal
182.....Loss or destruction of certificates
183.....Instrument of transfer
184.....Registration of transfer at request of transferor
185.....Notice of refusal to register transfer
186.....Remedy for refusal to register transfer or transmission
187.....Certification of transfers
188.....Duties of company with respect to issue of certificates
189.....Interpretation
190.....Sufficient instrument of transfer
191.....Transfer of marketable securities
192.....Transfers by authorized trustee corporations
193.....Execution of transfer by transferee
194.....Effect of certain stamps on prescribed instruments
195.....Registration of prescribed instruments
196.....Operation of Division
197.....Occupation need not appear in register, instrument, &c.
198.....Offences
199.....Interpretation and application of Division
200.....Charges required to be registered
201.....Lodgment of notice of charge and copy of instrument
202.....Acquisition of property subject to charge
203.....Registration of documents relating to charges
204.....Priorities of charges
205.....Certain charges void against liquidator or official manager
206.....Assignment and variation of charges
207.....Satisfaction of, and release of property from, charges
208.....Lodgment of notices, offences, &c.
209.....Company to keep documents relating to charges and register of charges
210.....Certificates
211.....Registration under Instruments Ordinance 1933
212.....Power of Court to rectify Register, &c.
213.....Charges on property of recognized companies or recognized foreign companies
214.....Provisions applying when incorporation transferred
215.....Power to exempt from compliance with certain requirements of Division
216.....Registered office of company
217.....Notice of address of registered office and office hours
218.....Publication of name
219.....Directors
220.....Restrictions on appointment or advertisement of director
221.....Qualification of director
222.....Vacation of office
223.....Appointment of directors to be voted on individually
224.....Validity of acts of directors and secretaries
225.....Removal of directors
226.....Age of directors
227.....Certain persons not to manage corporations
228.....Disclosure of interests in contracts, property, offices, &c.
229.....Duty and liability of officers
230.....Loans to directors
231.....Register of directors' shareholdings, &c.
232.....General duty to make disclosure
233.....Payments for loss of, or retirement from, office
234.....Provisions as to assignment of office
235.....Powers to require disclosure of directors' emoluments
236.....Secretary
237.....Provisions indemnifying officers or auditors
238.....Register of directors, principal executive officers and secretaries
239.....Statutory meeting and statutory report
240.....Annual general meeting
241.....Convening of general meeting on requisition
242.....Convening of meetings
243.....Articles as to right to demand a poll
244.....Quorum, chairman, voting, &c., at meetings
245.....Proxies
246.....Power of Court to order meeting
247.....Circulation of members' resolutions, &c.
248.....Special resolutions
249.....Resolution requiring special notice
250.....Resolutions of exempt proprietary companies
251.....Lodgment with the Commission, &c., of copies of certain resolutions and agreements
252.....Resolutions at adjourned meetings
253.....Minutes of proceedings
254.....Inspection of minute books
255.....Non-application of the Division to mutual life assurance companies
256.....Register and index of members
257.....Inspection and closing of register
258.....Consequences of default by agent
259.....Power of Court to rectify register
260.....Trustee, &c., may be registered as owner of shares
261.....Power of company to obtain information as to beneficial ownership of its shares
262.....Branch registers
263.....Annual return
264.....Auditor's statement
265.....Exemption of certain companies
266.....Interpretation
267.....Accounts to be kept
268.....Financial years of grouped companies
269.....Profit and loss account, balance-sheet and group accounts
270.....Directors' reports
271.....Rounding off of amounts in accounts and reports
272.....Group accounts not to be issued, &c., until receipt of subsidiaries' accounts, &c.
273.....Relief from requirements as to accounts and reports
274.....Members of company entitled to balance-sheet, &c.
275.....Accounts and reports to be laid before annual general meeting
276.....Failure to comply with this Division
277.....Qualifications of auditors
278.....Unlimited exempt proprietary company need not appoint auditor in certain circumstances
279.....Exempt proprietary company need not appoint auditor in certain circumstances
280.....Appointment of auditors
281.....Nomination of auditors
282.....Removal and resignation of auditors
283.....Effect of winding up on office of auditor
284.....Fees and expenses of auditors
285.....Powers and duties of auditors as to reports on accounts
286.....Obstruction of auditor
287.....Special provisions relating to borrowing and guarantor corporations
288.....Banking and life insurance corporations
289.....No Title.
290.....Application for carrying out of investigation
291.....Investigations
292.....Conduct of investigations
293.....Investigation of affairs of related corporation
294.....Powers of Commission and inspectors appointed under corresponding law
295.....Powers of inspectors
296.....Examination of officers
297.....Officer failing to comply with requirement of this Part
298.....Record of examination
299.....Admissibility of record of examination in evidence in proceedings against person examined
300.....Admissibility in other proceedings of questions and answers at an examination
301.....Weight of evidence
302.....Credibility of person who answered questions
303.....Determination of objection to admissibility of question and answer
304.....Delegation by inspector
305.....Reports of investigations
306.....Provisions relating to reports
307.....Commission's powers in respect of books
308.....Privileged communications
309.....Expenses of investigation
310.....Concealing, &c., of books of corporation
311.....Power of Commission to make certain orders
312.....Application for winding up
313.....Certain powers not to be delegated
314.....Crown to be bound
315.....Power to compromise with creditors and members
316.....Information as to compromise with creditors or members
317.....Provisions for facilitating reconstruction and amalgamation of corporations
318.....Acquisition of shares of shareholders dissenting from scheme or contract approved by majority
319.....Notification of appointment of scheme manager and power of Court to require report
320.....Remedy in cases of oppression or injustice
321.....Interpretation
322.....Crown to be bound
323.....Disqualification for appointment as receiver
324.....Liability of receiver
325.....Power of Court to fix remuneration of receivers
326.....Notification of appointment of receiver
327.....Statement that receiver appointed
328.....Provisions as to information where receiver appointed
329.....Special provisions as to statement submitted to receiver
330.....Lodging of accounts of receivers
331.....Payments of certain debts out of property subject to floating charge in priority to claims under charge
332.....Enforcement of duty of receiver to make returns
333.....Interpretation
334.....Crown to be bound
335.....Power of company to call meeting of creditors to appoint official manager
336.....Statement of affairs of company to be submitted to meeting of creditors of company
337.....Power to adjourn meeting
338.....Power of creditors to place company under official management
339.....Appointment of committee of management
340.....Notice of appointment and address of official manager
341.....Effect of resolution
342.....Six-monthly meetings of creditors and members
343.....Stay of proceedings
344.....Power to extend period of official management
345.....Extension of period of official management
346.....Appointment of official manager not to affect appointment and duties of auditor
347.....Duties of official manager
348.....Undue preferences in the case of official management
349.....Application and disposal of property during official management
350.....Official manager may apply to Court for directions
351.....Certain provisions applicable to official management
352.....Power of Court to terminate official management and give directions
353.....Resolution to place company under official management effective, subject to appeal
354.....Lodgment of office copy of Court order
355.....Termination of appointment and release of official manager
356.....Notification that corporation is under official management
357.....Functions of committee of management and appointment of deputy official manager
358.....Crown to be bound
359.....Modes of winding up
360.....Liability as contributories of present and past members
361.....Nature of liability of contributory
362.....Contributories in case of death or bankruptcy of member
363.....Application for winding up
364.....Circumstances in which company may be wound up by Court
365.....Commencement of winding up by the Court
366.....As to payment of preliminary costs, &c.
367.....Powers of Court on hearing application
368.....Avoidance of dispositions of property, attachments, &c.
369.....Application to be lis pendens
370.....Certain notices to be lodged with Commission
371.....Effect of winding up order
372.....Power of Court to appoint official liquidator
373.....General provisions as to liquidators
374.....Custody and vesting of company's property
375.....Statement of company's affairs to be submitted to liquidator
376.....Preliminary report by liquidator
377.....Powers of liquidator
378.....Settlement of list of contributories and application of property
379.....Exercise and control of liquidator's powers
380.....Payment by liquidator into bank
381.....Release of liquidators and dissolution of company
382.....As to orders for release or dissolution
383.....Power to stay or terminate winding up
384.....Delivery of property to liquidator
385.....Appointment of special manager
386.....Claims of creditors and distribution of property
387.....Inspection of books by creditors and contributories
388.....Power to arrest absconding contributory
389.....Delegation to liquidator of certain powers of Court
390.....Powers of Court cumulative
391.....Limitation on right to wind up voluntarily
392.....Circumstances in which company may be wound up voluntarily
393.....Commencement of winding up
394.....Effect of voluntary winding up
395.....Declaration of solvency
396.....Liquidators
397.....Duty of liquidator to call creditors' meeting in case of insolvency
398.....Meeting of creditors
399.....Power to adjourn meeting
400.....Liquidators
401.....Execution and civil proceedings
402.....Execution and civil proceedings against recognized companies
403.....Distribution of property of company
404.....Appointment of liquidator
405.....Removal of liquidator
406.....Review of liquidator's remuneration
407.....Acts of liquidator valid, &c.
408.....Powers and duties of liquidator
409.....Power of liquidator to accept shares, &c., as consideration for sale of property of company
410.....Annual meeting of creditors
411.....Final meeting and dissolution
412.....Arrangement, when binding on creditors
413.....Application to Court to have questions determined or powers exercised
414.....Costs
415.....Interpretation
416.....Books to be kept by liquidator
417.....Disqualification of liquidators
418.....Reports by liquidator
419.....Liquidators to enjoy qualified privilege in certain circumstances
420.....Supervision of liquidators
421.....Notice of appointment and address of liquidator
422.....Liquidator's accounts
423.....Liquidator to make good defaults
424.....Notification that a corporation is in liquidation
425.....Books of company
426.....Investment of surplus funds on general account
427.....Unclaimed property to be paid to Minister
428.....Companies Liquidation Account
429.....Expenses of winding up where property insufficient
430.....Resolutions passed at adjourned meetings of creditors and contributories
431.....Meetings to ascertain wishes of creditors or contributories
432.....Convening of meetings by liquidator for appointment of committee of inspection
433.....Proceedings of committee of inspection
434.....Vacancies on committee of inspection
435.....Member of committee not to accept extra benefit
436.....Powers of Court where no committee of inspection
437.....Interpretation
438.....Proofs of debts
439.....Computation of debts
440.....Debts proved to rank equally except as otherwise provided
441.....Priority payments
442.....Orders under section 309 or under section 33 of Securities Industry Act
443.....Debts due to employees
444.....Debts of a class to rank equally
445.....Advances in respect of wages and leave of absence
446.....Priority of employees' claims over floating charges
447.....Insurance against liabilities to third parties
448.....Provisions relating to injury compensation
449.....Priority where security given for payment of taxes
450.....Power of Court to make orders in favour of certain creditors
451.....Undue preference
452.....Effect of floating charge
453.....Liquidator's right to recover in respect of certain transactions
454.....Disclaimer of onerous property
455.....Executions, attachments, &c., before winding up
456.....Duties of sheriff after receiving notice of application
457.....Prosecution of delinquent officers and members
458.....Power of Court to declare dissolution of company void
459.....Power of Commission to deregister defunct company
460.....Commission to act as representative of defunct company in certain events
461.....Outstanding property of defunct company to vest in Commission
462.....Outstanding interests in property, how disposed of
463.....Liability of Commission and Commonwealth as to property vested in Commission
464.....Accounts
465.....Recognition and enforcement in the Territory of order made in a participating State or participating Territory in relation to a recognized company or recognized foreign company
466.....Exercise by the Court of powers or functions in relation to a recognized company or recognized foreign company
467.....Power of Registrar to request Supreme Court of a participating State or participating Territory to exercise or perform powers or functions
468.....Powers and functions in the Territory of liquidators of recognized companies or recognized foreign companies
469.....Application
470.....Winding up of bodies to which this Division applies
471.....Contributories in winding up of a body to which this Division applies
472.....Power of Court to stay or restrain proceedings
473.....Outstanding property of defunct body formed within Australia
474.....Outstanding property of defunct body formed outside Australia
475.....Application of Act to no liability companies
476.....Shareholder not liable to calls or contributions
477.....Dividends payable on shares held irrespective of amount paid up on shares
478.....Calls, when due
479.....Forfeiture of shares
480.....Provisions as to sale of forfeited shares
481.....As to shares held by or in trust for company
482.....Sale of shares on non-payment of calls valid although specific numbers not advertised
483.....Postponement of sale
484.....Redemption of forfeited shares
485.....Office to be open the day before sale
486.....Distribution of surplus where cessation of business upon winding up
487.....Distribution of surplus where cessation of business within 12 months
488.....As to rights attaching to preference shares issued to promoters
489.....Restrictions on tribute arrangements
490.....Interpretation
491.....Restriction on borrowing by investment companies
492.....Restriction on investments of investment companies
493.....Restriction on underwriting by investment companies
494.....Special requirements as to articles and prospectus
495.....Investment company not to hold shares in other investment companies
496.....Investment company not to speculate in commodities
497.....Balance-sheets and accounts
498.....Investment fluctuation reserve
499.....Penalties
500.....Interpretation
501.....Notification of principal office in participating State or Territory
502.....Notice to be given of change or alteration in principal office in participating State or Territory
503.....Notice to be lodged of cessation of business in participating State or Territory
504.....Offences
505.....Interpretation
506.....Power to hold land
507.....Recognized company or recognized foreign company to have a principal office
508.....Name of recognized company or recognized foreign company to be reserved or registered
509.....Publication of name, &c., of recognized company or recognized foreign company
510.....No Title.
511.....Power of foreign companies to hold land
512.....Unregistered foreign company not to establish place of business or carry on business in the Territory
513.....Registered office of registered foreign company
514.....Agents
515.....Notice to be filed where documents, &c., altered
516.....Balance-sheets and other documents
517.....Publication of name, &c., of foreign company
518.....Cessation of business, &c.
519.....Name of foreign company to be struck off register
520.....Restriction on use of certain names
521.....Branch register of shares in foreign company
522.....Registration of shares in branch register
523.....Removal of shares from branch register
524.....Index of members and inspection and closing of branch registers
525.....Branch register to be prima facie evidence
526.....Certificate as to shareholding
527.....Penalties
528.....Service of documents on company
529.....Service of documents on recognized company or recognized foreign company
530.....Service of documents on registered foreign company
531.....Vesting of property
532.....Parts of dollar to be disregarded in determining majority in value of creditors, &c.
533.....Costs
534.....Disposal of securities if whereabouts of holder unknown
535.....Power to grant relief
536.....Power of Court to give directions with respect to meetings ordered by the Court
537.....Appeals from decisions of Commission
538.....Appeals from decisions of receivers, liquidators, &c.
539.....Irregularities
540.....Power of Commission to intervene in proceedings
541.....Examination of persons concerned with corporations
542.....Orders against persons concerned with corporations
543.....Civil proceedings not to be stayed
544.....Form and evidentiary value of books
545.....Inspection of books
546.....Location of books kept on computers, &c.
547.....Location of registers
548.....Translations of instruments
549.....Certificate of incorporation conclusive evidence
550.....Admissibility of books in evidence
551.....Court may compel compliance
552.....Restriction on offering shares, debentures, &c., for subscription or purchase
553.....Interpretation
554.....Offences by officers of certain companies
555.....Liability where proper accounts not kept
556.....Offences relating to incurring of debts or fraudulent conduct
557.....Powers of Court
558.....Certain rights not affected
559.....Inducement to be appointed liquidator or official manager
560.....Falsification of books
561.....Frauds by officers
562.....Court may disqualify person from acting as director, &c., in certain circumstances
563.....False or misleading statements
564.....False reports
565.....Dividends payable from profits only
566.....Restriction on use of words ''Limited'' and ''No Liability''
567.....Restriction on use of word ''Proprietary''
568.....Reciprocity in relation to offences
569.....Offences committed partly in and partly out of the Territory
570.....General penalty provisions
571.....Continuing offences
572.....Officers and other persons in default
573.....Power of Court to prohibit payment or transfer of moneys, securities or other property
574.....Injunctions
575.....Power of Court to punish for contempt of Court
576.....Rules
577.....Regulations
578.....Non-application of rule against perpetuities to certain schemes
579.....Act not to apply to trade unions
580.....Operation of Life Insurance Act
581.....Operation of Workmen's Compensation Supplementation Fund Ordinance

SCHEDULE 1

SCHEDULE 2

SCHEDULE 3

SCHEDULE 4

SCHEDULE 5

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - NOTE

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89, 1981

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - TABLE OF PROVISIONS

Companies Act 1981 No. of 1981 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TABLE OF PROVISIONS PART I-PRELIMINARY Section 1. Short title 2. Commencement 3. Objects and application 4. Repeal 5. Interpretation 6. References to affairs of a corporation 7. Subsidiaries, holding companies and related corporations 8. Relevant interests in shares 9. Associated persons PART II-ADMINISTRATION Division 1-Powers of Inspection 10. Interpretation 11. Commission may inspect books without charge 12. Power of Commission to require production of books 13. Power of magistrate to issue warrant to seize books 14. Offences 15. Copies or extracts of books to be admitted in evidence 16. Privilege Division 2-Registration of auditors and liquidators 17. Application for registration as auditor or liquidator 18. Registration of auditors 19. Auditor-General deemed to be registered as auditor 20. Registration of liquidators 21. Registration of official liquidators 22. Security to be given by liquidators 23. Register of Auditors 24. Registers of Liquidators and Official Liquidators 25. Notification of certain matters 26. Triennial statements by registered auditors and liquidators 27. Cancellation or suspension of registration 28. Certain persons not to apply for registration as auditor or liquidator 29. Certain persons deemed to be registered under this Act 30. Auditors and other persons to enjoy qualified privilege in certain circumstances Division 3-Registers and Registration of Documents 31. Registers 32. Relodging of lost registered documents PART III-CONSTITUTION OF COMPANIES Division 1-Incorporation 33. Formation of companies 34. Proprietary companies 35. Registration and incorporation 36. Membership of holding company 37. Requirements as to memorandum Division 2-Names 38. Interpretation 39. Names of particular classes of companies 40. Reservation and registration of name of intended company 41. Reservation of name of intended recognized company 42. Registration of name of recognized company 43. Reservation and registration of proposed new name of company 44. Reservation of proposed new name of recognized company 45. Registration of new name of recognized company
Back to Top

46. Reservation and registration of name of intended foreign company or foreign company 47. Reservation of name of intended recognized foreign company or recognized foreign company 48. Registration of name of recognized foreign company 49. Reservation and registration of proposed new name of registered foreign company 50. Reservation of proposed new name of recognized foreign company 51. Registration of new name of recognized foreign company 52. Reservation and registration of name of recognized company proposing to transfer incorporation to the Territory 53. Reservation of name of company or recognized company proposing to transfer incorporation to participating State or Territory 54. Registration of name of recognized company after transfer of incorporation to participating State or Territory 55. Reservation and registration of name of foreign company proposing to transfer incorporation to the Territory 56. Reservation of name of foreign company proposing to transfer incorporation to participating State or Territory 57. Registration of name of foreign company that has become a recognized company after transfer of incorporation to participating State or Territory 58. Extension of reservation 59. Notification that registration of name desired in a State or another Territory 60. Registration of name of recognized company or recognized foreign company in the Territory 61. Notification that registration of name no longer desired in a participating State or Territory 62. Cancellation of registration where registration in the Territory no longer desired 63. Cancellation of registration where company or foreign company dissolved or foreign company ceases to be registered 64. Cancellation of registration where name registered by mistake 65. Change of name 66. Omission of ''Limited'' in names of charitable and other companies Division 3-Powers and Status 67. Powers 68. Ultra vires transactions 69. Change of status 70. Change from public to proprietary company or from proprietary to public company 71. Default in complying with requirements as to proprietary companies 72. General provisions as to alteration of memorandum 73. Alterations of provisions of memorandum 74. Articles of association 75. Adoption of Table A or B 76. Alteration of articles 77. Memorandum and articles of companies limited by guarantee 78. Effect of memorandum and articles 79. Copies of memorandum and articles 80. Confirmation of contracts and authentication and execution of documents 81. Ratification of contracts made before formation of company 82. Prohibition of carrying on business with fewer than statutory minimum number of members Division 4-Transfer of Incorporation 83. Certificate authorizing application for transfer of incorporation 84. Application by recognized company for registration under Division 85. Application by foreign company for registration under Division 86. Registration of corporations as companies 87. Effect of registration 88. Alterations to constituent documents of foreign companies 89. Effect of registration of company under corresponding law 90. Application of this Act to corporations registered under this Division 91. Establishment of registers and minute books 92. Share warrants 93. Certificate of registration conclusive evidence
Back to Top

PART IV-PROSPECTUSES, SECURITIES AND CHARGES Division 1-Prospectuses 94. Interpretation 95. Prohibition of issue of certain documents in relation to proposed corporations 96. Forms of application for shares or debentures to be attached to prospectus 97. Invitations or offers in relation to borrowings by corporations 98. Contents of prospectuses 99. Certain notices, &c., not to be published 100. Certain reports referring to prospectuses not to be published 101. Evidentiary provisions, &c. 102. Retention of over-subscriptions in debenture issues 103. Registration of prospectuses 104. Document containing offer of shares for sale deemed to be prospectus 105. Allotment or issue of shares or debentures where prospectus indicates application for quotation on stock market 106. Expert's consent to issue of prospectus containing statement by him 107. Civil liability for untrue statement or non-disclosure in prospectus 108. Criminal liability for untrue statement or non-disclosure in prospectus 109. Power to exempt from compliance with Division or to declare that Division applies as if modified Division 2-Restrictions on Allotment and Variation of Contracts 110. Prohibition of allotment unless minimum subscription received 111. Application moneys to be held in trust until allotment 112. Restriction on varying contracts referred to in prospectus Division 3-Shares 113. Return as to allotments 114. Differences in calls and payments, reserve liability, &c. 115. Share warrants 116. Restriction on application of capital of company 117. Power to make certain payments 118. Power to issue shares at a discount 119. Issue of shares at a premium 120. Redeemable preference shares 121. Power of company to alter its share capital 122. Validation of shares improperly issued 123. Special resolution for reduction of share capital 124. Commission to be informed of special rights carried by, or division or conversion of, shares 125. Rights of holders of classes of shares 126. Rights of holders of shares 127. Rights of classes of members 128. Rights of holders of preference shares to be set out in memorandum or articles 129. Company financing dealings in its shares, &c. 130. Consequences of company financing dealings in its shares, &c. 131. Register of options 132. Options over unissued shares 133. Power of company to pay interest out of capital in certain cases Division 4-Substantial Shareholdings 134. Application and interpretation 135. Persons obliged to comply with Division 136. Substantial shareholdings and substantial shareholders 137. Substantial shareholder to notify company of his interests 138. Substantial shareholder to notify company of change in his interests 139. Person who ceases to be substantial shareholder to notify company 140. References to operation of section 8 141. Copy of notice to be served on stock exchange 142. Commission may extend period for giving notice under this Division

143. Company to keep register of substantial shareholders 144. Offences against certain sections 145. Knowledge of servant or agent imputed to master or principal

Back to Top

146. Powers of Court with respect to defaulting substantial shareholder Division 5-Debentures 147. Register of debenture holders and copies of trust deed 148. Branch registers 149. Specific performance of contracts 150. Perpetual debentures 151. Re-issue of redeemed debentures 152. Qualifications of trustee for debenture holders 153. Retirement of trustees 154. Contents of trust deed 155. Power of Court in relation to certain irredeemable debentures

156. Duties of trustees 157. Powers of trustee to apply to the Court for directions, &c. 158. Obligations of borrowing corporation 159. Obligation of guarantor corporation to furnish information 160. Loans and deposits to be immediately repayable on certain events 161. Invitations or offers by prescribed corporations 162. Compliance with laws of State or other Territory sufficient compliance for certain companies 163. Liability of trustees for debenture holders Division 6-Prescribed Interests 164. Interpretation 165. Approved deeds 166. Approval of deeds 167. Approval of trustees 168. Covenants to be included in deeds 169. Prescribed interests to be issued by companies only 170. Statement to be issued 171. No issue without approved deed 172. Register of holders of prescribed interests 173. Returns, information, &c., relating to prescribed interests 174. Penalty for breach of certain provisions or covenants 175. Winding up of schemes, &c. 176. Power to exempt from compliance with Division and non-application of Division in certain circumstances 177. Liability of trustees Division 7-Title to and Transfer of Securities 178. Nature of shares 179. Numbering of shares 180. Certificate to be evidence of title 181. Company may have duplicate common seal 182. Loss or destruction of certificates 183. Instrument of transfer 184. Registration of transfer at request of transferor 185. Notice of refusal to register transfer 186. Remedy for refusal to register transfer or transmission 187. Certification of transfers 188. Duties of company with respect to issue of certificates Division 8-Transfer of Marketable Securities 189. Interpretation 190. Sufficient instrument of transfer 191. Transfer of marketable securities 192. Transfers by authorized trustee corporations 193. Execution of transfer by transferee 194. Effect of certain stamps on prescribed instruments 195. Registration of prescribed instruments 196. Operation of Division 197. Occupation need not appear in register, instrument, &c. 198. Offences Division 9-Registration of Charges 199. Interpretation and application of Division 200. Charges required to be registered 201. Lodgment of notice of charge and copy of instrument 202. Acquisition of property subject to charge 203. Registration of documents relating to charges 204. Priorities of charges 205. Certain charges void against liquidator or official manager 206. Assignment and variation of charges 207. Satisfaction of, and release of property from, charges

Back to Top

208. Lodgment of notices, offences, &c. 209. Company to keep documents relating to charges and register of charges 210. Certificates 211. Registration under Instruments Ordinance 1933 212. Power of Court to rectify Register, &c. 213. Charges on property of recognized companies or recognized foreign companies 214. Provisions applying when incorporation transferred 215. Power to exempt from compliance with certain requirements of Division PART V-MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION Division 1-Office and Name 216. Registered office of company 217. Notice of address of registered office and office hours 218. Publication of name Division 2-Directors and Other Officers 219. Directors 220. Restrictions on appointment or advertisement of director 221. Qualification of director 222. Vacation of office 223. Appointment of directors to be voted on individually 224. Validity of acts of directors and secretaries 225. Removal of directors 226. Age of directors 227. Certain persons not to manage corporations 228. Disclosure of interests in contracts, property, offices, &c. 229. Duty and liability of officers 230. Loans to directors 231. Register of directors' shareholdings, &c. 232. General duty to make disclosure 233. Payments for loss of, or retirement from, office 234. Provisions as to assignment of office 235. Powers to require disclosure of directors' emoluments 236. Secretary 237. Provisions indemnifying officers or auditors 238. Register of directors, principal executive officers and secretaries Division 3-Meetings and Proceedings 239. Statutory meeting and statutory report 240. Annual general meeting 241. Convening of general meeting on requisition 242. Convening of meetings 243. Articles as to right to demand a poll 244. Quorum, chairman, voting, &c., at meetings 245. Proxies 246. Power of Court to order meeting 247. Circulation of members' resolutions, &c. 248. Special resolutions 249. Resolution requiring special notice 250. Resolutions of exempt proprietary companies 251. Lodgment with the Commission, &c., of copies of certain resolutions and agreements 252. Resolutions at adjourned meetings 253. Minutes of proceedings 254. Inspection of minute books Division 4-Register of Members 255. Non-application of the Division to mutual life assurance companies 256. Register and index of members 257. Inspection and closing of register 258. Consequences of default by agent 259. Power of Court to rectify register 260. Trustee, &c., may be registered as owner of shares 261. Power of company to obtain information as to beneficial ownership of its shares 262. Branch registers Division 5-Annual Return
Back to Top

263. Annual return 264. Auditor's statement 265. Exemption of certain companies PART VI-ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT Division 1-Preliminary 266. Interpretation Division 2-Accounts 267. Accounts to be kept 268. Financial years of grouped companies 269. Profit and loss account, balance sheet and group accounts 270. Directors' reports 271. Rounding off of amounts in accounts and reports 272. Group accounts not to be issued, &c., until receipt of subsidiaries' accounts, &c. 273. Relief from requirements as to accounts and reports 274. Members of company entitled to balance-sheet, &c. 275. Accounts and reports to be laid before annual general meeting 276. Failure to comply with this Division Division 3-Audit 277. Qualifications of auditors 278. Unlimited exempt proprietary company need not appoint auditor in certain circumstances 279. Exempt proprietary company need not appoint auditor in certain circumstances 280. Appointment of auditors 281. Nomination of auditors 282. Removal and resignation of auditors 283. Effect of winding up on office of auditor 284. Fees and expenses of auditors 285. Powers and duties of auditors as to reports on accounts 286. Obstruction of auditor 287. Special provisions relating to borrowing and guarantor corporations

Division 4-Special Provisions relating to Banking and Life Insurance Corporations 288. Banking and life insurance corporations PART VII-SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS 289. Interpretation and application 290 Application for carrying out of investigation 291. Investigations 292. Conduct of investigations 293. Investigation of affairs of related corporation 294. Powers of Commission and inspectors appointed under corresponding law 295. Powers of inspectors 296. Examination of officers 297. Officer failing to comply with requirements of this Part 298. Record of examination 299. Admissibility of record of examination in evidence in proceedings against person examined 300. Admissibility in other proceedings of questions and answers at an examination 301. Weight of evidence 302. Credibility of person who answered questions 303. Determination of objection to admissibility of question and answer 304. Delegation by inspector 305. Reports of investigations 306. Provisions relating to reports 307. Commission's powers in respect of books 308. Privileged communications 309. Expenses of investigation 310. Concealing, &c., of books of corporation 311. Power of Commission to make certain orders 312. Application for winding up 313. Certain powers not to be delegated PART VIII-ARRANGEMENTS AND RECONSTRUCTIONS

Back to Top

314. Crown to be bound 315. Power to compromise with creditors and members 316. Information as to compromise with creditors or members 317. Provisions for facilitating reconstruction and amalgamation of corporations 318. Acquisition of shares of shareholders dissenting from scheme or contract approved by majority 319. Notification of appointment of scheme manager and power of Court to require report PART IX-CONDUCT OF AFFAIRS OF COMPANY IN OPPRESSIVE OR UNJUST MANNER 320. Remedy in cases of oppression or injustice PART X-RECEIVERS AND MANAGERS 321. Interpretation 322. Crown to be bound 323. Disqualification for appointment as receiver 324. Liability of receiver 325. Power of Court to fix remuneration of receivers 326. Notification of appointment of receiver 327. Statement that receiver appointed 328. Provisions as to information where receiver appointed 329. Special provisions as to statement submitted to receiver 330. Lodging of accounts of receivers 331. Payments of certain debts out of property subject to floating charge in priority to claims under charge 332. Enforcement of duty of receiver to make returns PART XI-OFFICIAL MANAGEMENT 333. Interpretation 334. Crown to be bound 335. Power of company to call meeting of creditors to appoint official manager 336. Statement of affairs of company to be submitted to meeting of creditors of company 337. Power to adjourn meeting 338. Power of creditors to place company under official management 339. Appointment of committee of management 340. Notice of appointment and address of official manager 341. Effect of resolution 342. Six-monthly meetings of creditors and members 343. Stay of proceedings 344. Power to extend period of official management 345. Extension of period of official management 346. Appointment of official manager not to affect appointment and duties of auditor 347. Duties of official manager 348. Undue preferences in the case of official management 349. Application and disposal of property during official management 350. Official manager may apply to Court for directions 351. Certain provisions applicable to official management 352. Power of Court to terminate official management and give directions 353. Resolution to place company under official management effective, subject to appeal 354. Lodgment of office copy of Court order 355. Termination of appointment and release of official manager 356. Notification that corporation is under official management 357. Functions of committee of management and appointment of deputy official manager PART XII-WINDING UP Division 1-Preliminary 358. Crown to be bound 359. Modes of winding up 360. Liability as contributories of present and past members 361. Nature of liability of contributory 362. Contributories in case of death or bankruptcy of member
Back to Top

Division 2-Winding up by the Court Subdivision A-General 363. Application for winding up 364. Circumstances in which company may be wound up by Court 365. Commencement of winding up by the Court 366. As to payment of preliminary costs, &c. 367. Powers of Court on hearing application 368. Avoidance of dispositions of property, attachments, &c. 369. Application to be lis pendens 370. Certain notices to be lodged with Commission 371. Effect of winding up order Subdivision B-Liquidators 372. Power of Court to appoint official liquidator 373. General provisions as to liquidators 374. Custody and vesting of company's property 375. Statement of company's affairs to be submitted to liquidator 376. Preliminary report by liquidator 377. Powers of liquidator 378. Settlement of list of contributories and application of property 379. Exercise and control of liquidator's powers 380. Payment by liquidator into bank 381. Release of liquidators and dissolution of company 382. As to orders for release or dissolution Subdivision C-General Powers of Court 383. Power to stay or terminate winding up 384. Delivery of property to liquidators 385. Appointment of special manager 386. Claims of creditors and distribution of property 387. Inspection of books by creditors and contributories 388. Power to arrest absconding contributory 389. Delegation to liquidator of certain powers of Court 390. Powers of Court cumulative Division 3-Voluntary Winding Up Subdivision A-Introductory 391. Limitation on right to wind up voluntarily 392. Circumstances in which company may be wound up voluntarily 393. Commencement of winding up 394. Effect of voluntary winding up 395. Declaration of solvency Subdivision B-Provisions applicable only to Members' Voluntary Winding Up 396. Liquidators 397. Duty of liquidator to call creditors' meeting in case of insolvency Subdivision C-Provisions applicable only to Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up 398. Meeting of creditors 399. Power to adjourn meeting 400. Liquidators 401. Execution and civil proceedings 402. Execution and civil proceedings against recognized companies Subdivision D-Provisions applicable to every Voluntary Winding Up 403. Distribution of property of company 404. Appointment of liquidator 405. Removal of liquidator 406. Review of liquidator's remuneration 407. Acts of liquidator valid, &c. 408. Powers and duties of liquidator 409. Power of liquidator to accept shares, &c., as consideration for sale of property of company 410. Annual meeting of creditors 411. Final meeting and dissolution 412. Arrangement, when binding on creditors
Back to Top

413. Application to Court to have questions determined or powers exercised

414. Costs Division 4-Provisions applicable to every Mode of Winding Up Subdivision A-General 415. Interpretation 416. Books to be kept by liquidator 417. Disqualification of liquidators 418. Reports by liquidator 419. Liquidators to enjoy qualified privilege in certain circumstances 420. Supervision of liquidators 421. Notice of appointment and address of liquidator 422. Liquidator's accounts 423. Liquidator to make good defaults 424. Notification that a corporation is in liquidation 425. Books of company 426. Investment of surplus funds on general account 427. Unclaimed property to be paid to Minister 428. Companies Liquidation Account 429. Expenses of winding up where property insufficient 430. Resolutions passed at adjourned meetings of creditors and contributories 431. Meetings to ascertain wishes of creditors or contributories Subdivision B-Committees of Inspection 432. Convening of meetings by liquidator for appointment of committee of inspection 433. Proceedings of committee of inspection 434. Vacancies on committee of inspection 435. Member of committee not to accept extra benefit 436. Powers of Court where no committee of inspection Subdivision C-Proof and Ranking of Claims 437. Interpretation 438. Proofs of debts 439. Computation of debts 440. Debts proved to rank equally except as otherwise provided 441. Priority payments 442. Orders under section 309 or under section 33 of Securities Industry Act 443. Debts due to employees 444. Debts of a class to rank equally 445. Advances in respect of wages and leave of absence 446. Priority of employees' claims over floating charges 447. Insurance against liabilities to third parties 448. Provisions relating to injury compensation 449. Priority where security given for payment of taxes 450. Power of Court to make orders in favour of certain creditors Subdivision D-Effect on other Transactions 451. Undue preferences 452. Effect of floating charge 453. Liquidator's right to recover in respect of certain transactions 454. Disclaimer of onerous property 455. Executions, attachments, &c., before winding up 456. Duties of sheriff after receiving notice of application Subdivision E-Offences 457. Prosecution of delinquent officers and members Subdivision F-Dissolution 458. Power of Court to declare dissolution of company void 459. Power of Commission to deregister defunct company 460. Commission to act as representative of defunct company in certain events 461. Oustanding property of defunct company to vest in Commission 462. Outstanding interests in property, how disposed of 463. Liability of Commission and Commonwealth as to property vested in Commission 464. Accounts

Back to Top

Division 5-Reciprocity with Participating States and Participating Territories 465. Recognition and enforcement in the Territory of order made in a participating State or participating Territory in relation to a recognized company or recognized foreign company 466. Exercise by the Court of powers or functions in relation to a recognized company or recognized foreign company 467. Power of Registrar to request Supreme Court of a participating State or participating Territory to exercise or perform powers or functions 468. Powers and functions in the Territory of liquidators of recognized companies or recognized foreign companies Division 6-Winding Up of Bodies other than Companies 469. Application 470. Winding up of bodies to which this Division applies 471. Contributories in winding up of a body to which this Division applies 472. Power of Court to stay or restrain proceedings Division 7-Miscellaneous 473. Outstanding property of defunct body formed within Australia 474. Outstanding property of defunct body formed outside Australia PART XIII-VARIOUS TYPES OF COMPANIES Division 1-No Liability Companies 475. Application of Act to no liability companies 476 Shareholder not liable to calls or contributions 477. Dividends payable on shares held irrespective of amount paid up on shares 478. Calls, when due 479. Forfeiture of shares 480. Provisions as to sale of forfeited shares 481. As to shares held by or in trust for company 482. Sale of shares on non-payment of calls valid although specific numbers not advertised 483. Postponement of sale 484. Redemption of forfeited shares 485. Office to be open the day before sale 486. Distribution of surplus where cessation of business upon winding up 487. Distribution of surplus where cessation of business within 12 months 488. As to rights attaching to preference shares issued to promoters 489. Restrictions on tribute arrangements Division 2-Investment Companies 490. Interpretation 491. Restriction on borrowing by investment companies 492. Restriction on investments of investment companies 493. Restriction on underwriting by investment companies 494. Special requirements as to articles and prospectus 495. Investment company not to hold shares in other investment companies 496. Investment company not to speculate in commodities 497. Balance-sheets and accounts 498. Investment fluctuation reserve 499. Penalties Division 3-Companies Carrying on Business Outside the Territory 500. Interpretation 501. Notification of principal office in participating State or Territory 502. Notice to be given of change or alteration in principal office in participating State or Territory 503. Notice to be lodged of cessation of business in participating State or Territory 504. Offences Division 4-Recognized Companies and Recognized Foreign Companies
Back to Top

505. Interpretation 506. Power to hold land 507. Recognized company or recognized foreign company to have a principal office 508. Name of recognized company or recognized foreign company to be reserved or registered 509. Publication of name, &c., of recognized company or recognized foreign company Division 5-Foreign Companies other than Recognized Foreign Companies 510. Interpretation 511. Power of foreign companies to hold land 512. Unregistered foreign company not to establish place of business or carry on business in the Territory 513. Registered office of registered foreign company 514. Agents 515. Notice to be filed where documents, &c., altered 516. Balance-sheets and other documents 517. Publication of name, &c., of foreign company 518. Cessation of business, &c. 519. Name of foreign company to be struck off register 520. Restriction on use of certain names 521. Branch register of shares in foreign company 522. Registration of shares in branch register 523. Removal of shares from branch register 524. Index of members and inspection and closing of branch registers 525. Branch register to be prima facie evidence 526. Certificate as to shareholding 527. Penalties

PART XIV-MISCELLANEOUS Division 1-General 528. Service of documents on company 529. Service of documents on recognized company or recognized foreign company 530. Service of documents on registered foreign company 531. Vesting of property 532. Parts of dollar to be disregarded in determining majority in value of creditors, &c. 533. Costs 534. Disposal of securities if whereabouts of holder unknown 535. Power to grant relief 536. Power of Court to give directions with respect to meetings ordered by the Court 537. Appeals from decisions of Commission 538. Appeals from decisions of receivers, liquidators, &c. 539. Irregularities 540. Power of Commission to intervene in proceedings 541. Examination of persons concerned with corporations 542. Orders against persons concerned with corporations 543. Civil proceedings not to be stayed 544. Form and evidentiary value of books 545. Inspection of books 546. Location of books kept on computers, &c. 547. Location of registers 548. Translations of instruments 549. Certificate of incorporation conclusive evidence 550. Admissibility of books in evidence 551. Court may compel compliance Division 2-Offences 552. Restriction on offering shares, debentures, &c., for subscription or purchase 553. Interpretation 554. Offences by officers of certain companies 555. Liability where proper accounts not kept 556. Offences relating to incurring of debts or fraudulent conduct 557. Powers of Court 558. Certain rights not affected 559. Inducement to be appointed liquidator or official manager

Back to Top

560. Falsification of books 561. Frauds by officers 562. Court may disqualify person from acting as director, &c., in certain circumstances 563. False or misleading statements 564. False reports 565. Dividends payable from profits only 566. Restriction on use of words ''Limited'' and ''No Liability'' 567. Restriction on use of word ''Proprietary'' 568. Reciprocity in relation to offences 569. Offences committed partly in and partly out of the Territory 570. General penalty provisions 571. Continuing offences 572. Officers and other persons in default 573. Power of Court to prohibit payment or transfer of moneys, securities or other property 574. Injunctions 575. Power of Court to punish for contempt of Court Division 3-Rules and Regulations 576. Rules 577. Regulations Division 4-Miscellaneous 578. Non-application of rule against perpetuities to certain schemes 579. Act not to apply to trade unions 580. Operation of Life Insurance Act 581. Operation of Workmen's Compensation Supplementation Fund Ordinance SCHEDULE 1 Repealed Ordinances SCHEDULE 2 Powers SCHEDULE 3 TABLE A Regulations for Management of a Company Limited by Shares TABLE B Regulations for Management of a No Liability Company SCHEDULE 4 Forms of Transfer of Marketable Securities SCHEDULE 5 Order of Priority of Registrable Charges

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 1. Short title.

No. of 1981 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- An Act to make provision for the government of the Australian Capital Territory in relation to the formation of companies, the regulation of companies formed in that Territory, the registration in that Territory of certain other bodies and certain other matters BE IT ENACTED by the Queen, and the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Australia, as follows: PART I-PRELIMINARY Short title 1. This Act may be cited as the Companies Act 1981.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 2.
Back to Top

Commencement

2. This Act shall come into operation on a date to be fixed by Proclamation.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 3. Objects and application

3. (1) The objects of this Act are to make provision for the government of the Australian Capital Territory in relation to the formation of companies, the regulation of companies formed in that Territory, the registration of certain other bodies and certain other matters, and this Act has effect, and shall be construed, accordingly.

(2) In its application to and in relation to companies, this Act applies to and in relation to natural persons, whether resident in the Australian Capital Territory or in Australia or not and whether Australian citizens or not, and to all bodies corporate or unincorporate, whether formed or carrying on business in that Territory or in Australia or not, and extends to acts done or omitted to be done outside that Territory, whether in Australia or not.

(3) The Companies and Securities (Interpretation and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1980 applies to this Act.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 4. Repeal

4. The Ordinances referred to in Schedule 1 are repealed.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 5. Interpretation

5. (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears- ''accounting records'' includes invoices, receipts, orders for the payment of money, bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes, vouchers and other documents of prime entry and also includes such working papers and other documents as are necessary to explain the methods and calculations by which accounts are made up; ''annual general meeting'', in relation to a company, means a meeting of the company required to be held by section 240; ''annual return'' means the return required to be made by section 263 and includes any document accompanying the return; ''authorized trustee corporation'' means a body corporate that is declared by the regulations to be an authorized trustee corporation for the purposes of the provision in which the expression appears; ''articles'' means articles of association; ''banker's books'' means- (a) books of a banking corporation, including any documents used in the ordinary business of a banking corporation; (b) cheques, orders for the payment of money, bills of exchange and promissory notes in the possession or under the control of a banking corporation; and (c) securities or documents of title to securities in the possession or under the control of a banking corporation whether by way of pledge or otherwise; ''banking corporation'' means- (a) a bank as defined in section 5 of the Banking Act 1959; (b) the Primary Industry Bank of Australia; or (c) a bank constituted under a law of a State or Territory; ''books'' includes any register or other record of information and any accounts or accounting records, however compiled, recorded or stored, and also includes any document; ''borrowing corporation'' means a corporation that is or will be under a liability to repay any money received or to be received by it in response to an invitation to the public to subscribe for or purchase debentures of the corporation or an offer to the public of debentures of the corporation for subscription or purchase but does not include a banking corporation; ''branch register'' means-
Back to Top

(a) in relation to a company-a branch register of members of the company kept pursuant to section 262; or (b) in relation to a foreign company-a branch register of members of the company kept pursuant to section 521; ''business day'' means a day that is not a Saturday, a Sunday or a public holiday or bank holiday in the Territory; ''certified'' means- (a) in relation to a copy of or extract from a document-certified by a statement in writing to be a true copy of or extract from the document; or (b) in relation to a translation of a document-certified by a statement in writing to be a correct translation of the document into the English language; ''charge'' means a charge created in any way and includes a mortgage and an agreement to give or execute a charge or mortgage, whether upon demand or otherwise; ''chargee'' means the holder of a charge and includes a person in whose favour a charge is to be given or executed, whether upon demand or otherwise, pursuant to an agreement; ''Companies Ordinance 1962'' means the Companies Ordinance 1962 of the Territory as amended and in force immediately before the commencement of this Act; ''company'' means a company incorporated or deemed to be incorporated under this Act or under any corresponding previous law of the Territory; ''company having a share capital'' includes an unlimited company with a share capital; ''company limited by guarantee'' means a company formed on the principle of having the liability of its members limited by the memorandum to the respective amounts that the members undertake to contribute to the property of the company in the event of its being wound up; ''company limited by shares'' means a company formed on the principle of having the liability of its members limited by the memorandum to the amount (if any) unpaid on the shares respectively held by them; ''contributory'' means- (a) in relation to a company other than a no liability company- (i) a person liable as a member or past member to contribute to the property of the company in the event of its being wound up; (ii) in the case of a company having a share capital-a holder of fully paid shares in the company; and (iii) before the final determination of the persons who are contributories by virtue of sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii)-a person alleged to be such a contributory; (b) in relation to a body corporate to which Division 6 of Part XII applies- (i) a person who is a contributory by virtue of section 471; and (ii) before the final determination of the persons who are contributories by virtue of sub-paragraph (i)-a person alleged to be such a contributory; and (c) in relation to a no liability company-subject to section 476, a member of the company; ''corporation'' means any body corporate, whether formed or incorporated within or outside the Territory, and includes any company, any foreign company and any recognized company but does not include- (a) a body corporate that is incorporated within Australia or an external Territory and is a public authority or an instrumentality or agency of the Crown; (b) a corporation sole;
Back to Top

(c) a society registered under the Co-operative Societies Ordinance 1939; or (d) an association, society, institution or body incorporated under the Associations Incorporation Ordinance 1953; ''creditors' voluntary winding up'' means a winding up under Division 3 of Part XII, other than a members' voluntary winding up; ''dealing in securities'' means (whether as principal or agent) acquiring, disposing of, subscribing for, underwriting or sub-underwriting securities or making or offering to make, or inducing or attempting to induce a person to make or to offer to make, an agreement- (a) for or with respect to acquiring, disposing of, subscribing for, underwriting or sub-underwriting securities; or (b) the purpose or purported purpose of which is to secure a profit or gain to a person who acquires, disposes of, subscribes for, underwrites or sub-underwrites securities or to any of the parties to the agreement in relation to securities; ''debenture'' includes debenture stock, bonds, notes and any other document evidencing or acknowledging indebtedness of a corporation in respect of money that is or may be deposited with or lent to the corporation, whether constituting a charge on property of the corporation or not, but does not include- (a) a document that merely acknowledges the receipt of money by a corporation in a case where, in respect of the money, the corporation issues, in compliance with section 97, a document prescribed by sub-section (2) of that section and complies with the other requirements of that section; (b) a cheque, order for the payment of money or bill of exchange; (c) a promissory note having a face value of not less than $50,000; or (d) for the purposes of the application of this definition to a provision of this Act in respect of which the regulations provide that the word ''debenture'' does not include a prescribed document or a document included in a prescribed class of documents-that document or a document included in that class of documents, as the case may be; ''deed'' includes an instrument having the effect of a deed; ''director'', in relation to a corporation, includes- (a) any person occupying or acting in the position of director of the corporation, by whatever name called and whether or not validly appointed to occupy or duly authorized to act in the position; and (b) any person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of the corporation are accustomed to act; ''emoluments'' means the amount or value of any money, consideration or benefit given, directly or indirectly, to a director of a corporation in connection with the management of affairs of the corporation or of any holding company or subsidiary of the corporation, whether as a director or otherwise, but does not include amounts in payment or reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred for the benefit of the corporation; ''executive officer'', in relation to a corporation, means any person, by whatever name called and whether or not he is a director of the corporation, who is concerned, or takes part, in the management of the corporation; ''exempt proprietary company'' means a proprietary company- (a) no share in which is, by virtue of sub-sections (5) and (6) of this section, deemed to be owned by a public company; and (b) no member of which is a public company; ''expert'', in relation to a matter, means any person whose profession or reputation gives authority to a statement made by him in relation to that matter; ''filed'' means filed under this Act or any corresponding previous law of the Territory;
Back to Top

''financial year'' means- (a) in relation to a company incorporated under a corresponding previous law of the Territory- (i) a period of 12 months, or such other period (whether longer or shorter than 12 months) not exceeding 18 months as the directors (subject to the requirements of section 240 as to the holding of annual general meetings of the company) resolve, commencing at the expiration of the period in respect of which the last profit and loss account laid before the company at an annual general meeting before the commencement of this Act was made out or, if no profit and loss account was made out and laid before the company at an annual general meeting before the commencement of this Act, on the date of incorporation of the company; and (ii) each period of 12 months, or such other period (whether longer or shorter than 12 months) not exceeding 18 months as the directors (subject to the requirements of section 240 as to the holding of annual general meetings of the company) resolve, commencing at the expiration of the previous financial year of the company;

(b) in relation to a company incorporated under this Act- (i) a period of 12 months, or such other period (whether longer or shorter than 12 months) not exceeding 18 months as the directors (subject to the requirements of section 240 as to the holding of annual general meetings of the company) resolve, commencing on the date of incorporation of the company; and (ii) each period of 12 months, or such other period (whether longer or shorter than 12 months) not exceeding 18 months as the directors (subject to the requirements of section 240 as to the holding of annual general meetings of the company) resolve, commencing at the expiration of the previous financial year of the company; and (c) in relation to a corporation incorporated outside the Territory- (i) if a profit and loss account of the corporation is required, under the law of the place where the corporation is incorporated, to be made out in respect of a particular period-that period; or (ii) in a case to which sub-paragraph (i) does not apply-a period in respect of which a profit and loss account of the corporation is made out; ''floating charge'' includes a charge that conferred a floating security at the time of its creation but has since become a fixed or specific charge; ''foreign company'' means- (a) any body (including a society or association) incorporated outside the Territory, not being- (i) a recognized company; (ii) a corporation sole; or (iii) a body corporate that is incorporated within Australia or an external Territory and is a public authority or an instrumentality or agency of the Crown; or (b) an unincorporated society, association or other body formed outside the Territory that, under the law of its place of formation, may sue or be sued, or may hold property in the name of the secretary or other officer of the society, association or body duly appointed for that purpose and which does not have its head office or principal place of business in the Territory; ''guarantor corporation'', in relation to a borrowing corporation, means a corporation that has guaranteed or has agreed to guarantee the repayment of any money received or to be received by the borrowing corporation in response to an invitation to the public to subscribe for or purchase debentures of the borrowing corporation or an offer to the public of debentures of the borrowing corporation for subscription or purchase; ''home exchange'', in relation to a company, means the stock exchange designated to the company as its Home Exchange by the Australian Associated Stock Exchanges; ''industrial instrument'' means- (a) a contract of employment; or

Back to Top

(b) a law, award, determination or agreement relating to terms or conditions of employment; ''injury compensation'' means compensation payable under any law relating to workers compensation; ''insolvent under administration'' means a person who- (a) under the Bankruptcy Act 1966 or the law of an external Territory, is a bankrupt in respect of a bankruptcy from which he has not been discharged; or (b) under the law of a country other than Australia or the law of an external Territory, has the status of an undischarged bankrupt, and includes- (c) a person who has executed a deed of arrangement under Part X of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 or the corresponding provisions of the law of an external Territory or of the law of a country other than Australia where the terms of the deed have not been fully complied with; and (d) a person whose creditors have accepted a composition under Part X of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 or the corresponding provisions of the law of an external Territory or of the law of a country other Australia where a final payment has not been made under that composition; ''investment contract'' means any contract, scheme or arrangement that, in substance and irrespective of the form of the contract, scheme or arrangement, involves the investment of money in or under such circumstances that the investor acquires or may acquire an interest in or right in respect of property, whether in the Territory or elsewhere, that, under, or in accordance with, the terms of investment will, or may at the option of the investor, be used or employed in common with any other interest in or right in respect of property, whether in the Territory or elsewhere, acquired in or under like circumstances; ''issue'' includes circulate, distribute and disseminate; ''leave of absence'' means long service leave, extended leave, recreation leave, annual leave, sick leave or any other form of leave of absence from employment; ''limited company'' means a company limited by shares or by guarantee or both by shares and by guarantee but does not include a no liability company; ''listed corporation'' means a corporation that has been admitted to the official list of a stock exchange in Australia or an external Territory and has not been removed from that official list; ''lodged'' means- (a) in relation to the Commission-lodged under this Act; or (b) in relation to the Registrar of Companies-lodged or filed with the Registrar of Companies under any corresponding previous law of the Territory; ''machine-copy'', in relation to a document, means a copy made of the document by any machine in which or process by which an image of the contents of the document is reproduced from surface contact with the document or by the use of photo-sensitive material other than transparent photographic film; ''marketable securities'' means debentures, stocks, shares or bonds of any Government, of any local government authority or of any corporation, association or society, and includes any right or option in respect of shares in any corporation and any prescribed interest; ''members' voluntary winding up'' means a winding up under Division 3 of Part XII where a declaration has been made and lodged pursuant to section 395; ''memorandum'' means memorandum of association; ''minerals'' means minerals in any form, whether solid, liquefied or gaseous and whether organic or inorganic; ''minimum subscription'', in relation to any shares offered to the public for subscription or for which the public are invited to subscribe, means the amount stated in the prospectus relating to the offer or invitation pursuant to paragraph 98 (1) (d) as the minimum amount that, in the opinion of the
Back to Top

directors, must be raised by the issue of the shares; ''mining company'' means a company the sole objects of which are mining purposes; ''mining purposes'' means all or any of the following purposes: (a) prospecting for ores, metals or minerals; (b) obtaining, by any mode or method, ores, metals or minerals; (c) the sale or other disposal of ores, metals, minerals or other products of mining; (d) the carrying on of any business or activity necessary for or incidental to any of the foregoing purposes, whether in the Territory or elsewhere, but does not include quarrying operations for the sole purpose of obtaining stone for building, roadmaking or similar purposes; ''negative'', in relation to a document, means a transparent negative photograph used or intended to be used as a medium for reproducing the contents of the document, and includes a transparent photograph made from surface contact with the original negative photograph; ''no liability company'' means a company that does not have under its memorandum and articles a contractual right to recover calls made upon its shares from a shareholder who defaults in payment of those calls; ''nominee corporation'' means a corporation whose principal business is the business of holding marketable securities as a trustee or nominee; ''officer'', in relation to a corporation, includes- (a) a director, secretary, executive officer or employee of the corporation; (b) a receiver and manager of the property or any part of the property of the corporation appointed under a power contained in an instrument; (c) an official manager or deputy official manager of the corporation; (d) a liquidator of the corporation appointed in a voluntary winding up of the corporation; and (e) a trustee or other person administering a compromise or arrangement made between the corporation and another person or other persons, but does not include- (f) a receiver who is not also a manager; (g) a receiver and manager appointed by a court; or (h) a liquidator appointed by a court; ''official liquidator'' means a person registered as an official liquidator under section 21 or deemed to be registered as an official liquidator under this Act;

''official manager'' means a person appointed as an official manager under Part XI; ''prescribed'' means prescribed by this Act, by the regulations or by the rules; ''prescribed interest'' means any right to participate or any interest, whether enforceable or not and whether actual, prospective or contingent- (a) in any profits, assets or realization of any financial or business undertaking or scheme whether in the Territory or elsewhere; (b) in any common enterprise, whether in the Territory or elsewhere, in relation to which the holder of the right or interest is led to expect profits, rent or interest from the efforts of the promoter of the enterprise or a third party; or (c) in any investment contract,

Back to Top

whether or not the right or interest is evidenced by a formal document and whether or not the right or interest relates to a physical asset, but does not include- (d) any share in, or debenture of, a corporation; (e) any interest in, or arising out of, a policy of life insurance; (f) an interest in a partnership agreement, unless the agreement or proposed agreement- (i) relates to an undertaking, scheme, enterprise or investment contract promoted by or on behalf of a person whose ordinary business is or includes the promotion of similar undertakings, schemes, enterprises or investment contracts, whether or not that person is, or is to become, a party to the agreement or proposed agreement; or (ii) is or would be an agreement, or is or would be within a class of agreements, prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this paragraph; or (g) a right or interest, or a right or interest included in a class or kind of rights or interests, declared by the regulations to be an exempt right or interest, or a class or kind of exempt rights or interests, for the purposes of Division 6 of Part IV; ''principal executive officer'', in relation to a company, means the principal executive officer of the company for the time being, by whatever name called, and whether or not he is a director; ''principal register'', in relation to a company, means the register of members of the company kept pursuant to section 256; ''profit and loss account'' includes income and expenditure account, revenue account or any other account showing the results of the business of a corporation for a period and, if the corporation concerned is engaged in the development or exploration of natural resources, also includes an operations account or any like account and a development account or any like account; ''promoter'', in relation to a prospectus issued by or in connection with a corporation, means a promoter of the corporation who was a party to the preparation of the prospectus or of any relevant portion of the prospectus, but does not include a person by reason only of his acting in the proper performance of the functions attaching to his professional capacity or to his business relationship with a promoter of the corporation; ''proprietary company'' means- (a) a company that, immediately before the commencement of this Act, was a proprietary company under the provisions of the Companies Ordinance 1962; (b) any company incorporated as a proprietary company by virtue of section 34; or (c) any company converted into a proprietary company pursuant to sub-section 70 (1), being a company that has not ceased to be a proprietary company under section 70 or 71; ''prospectus'' means- (a) in a case where the expression is used in relation to subscribing for shares in or debentures of, or units of shares in or units of debentures of, a corporation-a written notice, circular or other instrument inviting applications or offers from the public to subscribe for, or offering to the public for subscription, shares in or debentures of, or units of shares in or units of debentures of, as the case may be, the corporation; (b) in a case where the expression is used in relation to the purchase of shares in or debentures of, or units of shares in or units of debentures of, a corporation-a written notice, circular or other instrument inviting applications or offers from the public to purchase, or offering to the public for purchase, shares in or debentures of, or units of shares in or units of debentures of, as the case may be, the corporation; (c) in a case where the expression is used in relation to shares in or debentures of, or units of shares in or units of debentures of, a corporation otherwise than as mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b)-a written notice, circular or other instrument inviting applications or offers from the public
Back to Top

to subscribe for or purchase, or offering to the public for subscription or purchase, shares in or debentures of, or units of shares in or units of debentures of, as the case may be, the corporation; (d) in a case where the expression is used in relation to a corporation otherwise than as mentioned in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c)-a written notice, circular or other instrument inviting applications or offers from the public to subscribe for or purchase, or offering to the public for subscription or purchase, any shares in or debentures of, or any units of shares in or units of debentures of, the corporation; or (e) in any other case where the expression is used-a written notice, circular or other instrument inviting applications or offers from the public to subscribe for or purchase, or offering to the public for subscription or purchase, any shares in or debentures of, or any units of shares in or units of debentures of, a corporation; ''public company'' means a company other than a proprietary company; ''recognized company'' means a body that is a company within the meaning of a provision of a law of a participating State or of a participating Territory that corresponds with this section; ''recognized foreign company'' means a foreign company formed outside Australia and the external Territories that is registered as a foreign company in a participating State or a participating Territory under the provisions of the law of that State or Territory that correspond with Division 5 of Part XIII; ''registered'' means registered under this Act or any corresponding previous law of the Territory; ''registered company auditor'' means a person registered as an auditor, or deemed to be registered as an auditor, under this Act and, in relation to a corporation that is not a company, includes a person qualified to act as the auditor of the corporation under the law of the place in which the corporation is formed; ''registered foreign company'' means a foreign company that is registered under Division 5 of Part XIII; ''registered liquidator'' means a person registered as a liquidator under sub-section 20 (1) or (2) or deemed to be registered as a liquidator under this Act; ''Registrar of Companies'' means a person who held office as Registrar of Companies, as an Acting Registrar of Companies, or as a Deputy Registrar of Companies, under a corresponding previous law of the Territory; ''related corporation'', in relation to a corporation, means a corporation that is deemed to be related to the first-mentioned corporation by virtue of sub-section 7 (5); ''relative'', in relation to a person, means the spouse, parent or remoter lineal ancestor, son, daughter or remoter issue, or brother or sister of the person; ''reproduction'', in relation to a document, means a machine-copy of the document or a print made from a negative of the document; ''resolution'', in relation to a corporation, means a resolution other than a special resolution; ''resolution for voluntary winding up'' means the special resolution referred to in section 392; ''rules'' means rules of Court made under section 28 of the Australian Capital Territory Supreme Court Act 1933; ''securities'', in relation to a corporation, means- (a) shares in, or debentures of, the corporation; (b) any unit in any such shares or debentures; and (c) any prescribed interest made available by the corporation; ''share'' means share in the share capital of a corporation, and includes stock except where a distinction between stock and shares is expressed or implied;
Back to Top

''sheriff'' includes any person charged with the execution of a writ or other process; ''special resolution'' has the meaning given to that expression by section 248; ''statutory meeting'' means the meeting referred to in section 239; ''statutory report'' means the report referred to in section 239; ''stock exchange'' means, where that expression appears in a provision for the purposes of which a regulation is in force defining that expression, a stock exchange as defined by that regulation; ''stock market'' means a market, exchange or other place at which, or a facility by means of which, securities of corporations are regularly offered for sale, purchase or exchange; ''Table A'' means Table A in Schedule 3; ''Table B'' means Table B in Schedule 3; ''transparency'', in relation to a document, means- (a) a developed negative or positive photograph of that document (in this definition referred to as an ''original photograph'') made, on a transparent base, by means of light reflected from, or transmitted through, the document; (b) a copy of an original photograph made by the use of photo-sensitive material (being photo-sensitive material on a transparent base) placed in surface contact with the original photograph; or (c) any one of a series of copies of an original photograph, the first of the series being made by the use of photo-sensitive material (being photo-sensitive material on a transparent base) placed in surface contact with a copy referred to in paragraph (b), and each succeeding copy in the series being made, in the same manner, from any preceding copy in the series;

''unit'', in relation to a share, debenture or other interest (whether a prescribed interest or not), means any right or interest, whether legal or equitable, in the share, debenture or other interest, by whatever term called, and includes any option to acquire any such right or interest in the share, debenture or other interest; ''unlimited company'' means a company formed on the principle of having no limit placed on the liability of its members; ''voting share'', in relation to a body corporate, means an issued share in the body corporate that confers a right to vote, not being a right to vote that is exercisable only in one or more of the following circumstances: (a) during a period during which a dividend (or part of a dividend) in respect of the share is in arrears; (b) upon a proposal to reduce the share capital of the body corporate; (c) upon a proposal that affects rights attached to the share; (d) upon a proposal to wind up the body corporate; (e) upon a proposal for the disposal of the whole of the property, business and undertaking of the body corporate; (f) during the winding up of the body corporate; ''wages'', in relation to a company, means amounts payable to or in respect of an employee of the company (whether the employee is remunerated by salary, wages, commission or otherwise) under an industrial instrument, including amounts payable by way of allowance or reimbursement but not including amounts payable in respect of leave of absence.

(2) For the purposes of this Act, a person shall not be regarded as a person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of a body corporate are accustomed to act by reason only that the directors act on advice given by that person in the proper performance of the functions attaching to his professional capacity or to his business relationship with the other person.

(3) For the purposes of this Act-

Back to Top

(a) a reference to an invitation to do any act or thing includes a reference to an invitation to make an offer to do that act or thing; (b) a reference to an invitation to the public to subscribe for or purchase debentures of a corporation includes a reference to an invitation to the public to deposit money with or lend money to a corporation; and (c) a reference to an offer to the public of debentures of a corporation for subscription or purchase includes a reference to an offer to the public by a corporation to accept money that is deposited with, or money that is lent to, the corporation.

(4) A reference in this Act to, or to the making of, an offer to the public or to, or to the issuing of, an invitation to the public shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as including a reference to, or to the making of, an offer to any section of the public or to, or to the issuing of, an invitation to any section of the public, as the case may be, whether selected as clients of the person making the offer or issuing the invitation or in any other manner and notwithstanding that the offer is capable of acceptance only by each person to whom it is made or that an offer or application may be made pursuant to the invitation only by a person to whom the invitation is issued, but a bona fide offer or invitation shall not be taken to be an offer or invitation to the public if it- (a) is an offer or invitation to enter into an underwriting agreement; (b) is made or issued to a person whose ordinary business is to buy or sell shares, debentures or prescribed interests, whether as principal or agent; (c) is made or issued to existing members or debenture holders of a corporation and relates to shares in, or debentures of, that corporation; (ca) is made or issued to holders of prescribed interests made available by a corporation pursuant to a deed that is an approved deed for the purposes of Division 6 of Part IV and is an offer or invitation that relates to prescribed interests made available by that corporation pursuant to the same approved deed; or (d) is made or issued to existing members of a company in connection with a proposal referred to in section 409 and relates to shares in that company.

(5) For the purposes of the definition of ''exempt proprietary company'' in sub-section (1), a share in a proprietary company shall be deemed to be owned by a public company if any beneficial interest in the share is held, directly or indirectly, by- (a) a public company; (b) a proprietary company a beneficial interest in a share in which is held, directly or indirectly, by a public company; or (c) a proprietary company a beneficial interest in a share in which is held, directly or indirectly, by a proprietary company a beneficial interest in a share in which is held, directly or indirectly, by- (i) a public company; or (ii) another proprietary company a beneficial interest in a share in which is held, directly or indirectly, otherwise than by a natural person.

(6) For the purposes of sub-section (5) but without limiting the generality of that sub-section- (a) a reference in that sub-section to a public company shall be construed as including a reference to- (i) a foreign company other than a foreign company that (whether or not Division 5 of Part XIII applies to it) is a foreign company of a kind referred to in sub-section 516 (7); and (ii) a recognized company that is not an exempt proprietary company under the corresponding law of the participating State or participating Territory in which it is incorporated; (b) a reference in that sub-section to a public company or to a proprietary company shall be construed as not including a reference to a company in respect of which a licence under section 66, or under any corresponding previous law of the Territory, is in force; and (c) a person (including a corporation) shall be deemed to hold a beneficial interest in a share- (i) if that person, either alone or together with another person or

Back to Top

other persons, is entitled (otherwise than as trustee for, on behalf of, or on account of, another person) to receive, directly or indirectly, any dividends in respect of the share or to exercise, or to control the exercise of, any rights attaching to the share; or (ii) if that person, being a corporation, holds any beneficial interest in a share in another corporation which holds, or a subsidiary of which holds, any beneficial interest in that first-mentioned share.

(7) For the purposes of this Act, a receiver of the whole or any part of the property of a company shall be deemed to be also a manager of the company if the receiver manages affairs of the company or has power under the terms of his appointment to manage affairs of the company.

(8) A regulation made for the purposes of sub-paragraph (f) (ii) of the definition of ''prescribed interest'' in sub-section (1) does not apply to an agreement or a class of agreements relating to a partnership- (a) being a partnership for the carrying on of a profession or trade where a person carrying on that profession or trade is required by any law of the Territory to be registered, licensed or otherwise authorized in order to do so; and (b) the business of which does not include any business other than the business of a partnership referred to in paragraph (a).

(9) The express references in this Act to companies and corporations shall not be taken to imply that references to persons do not include references to companies or corporations.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 6. References to affairs of a corporation

6. A reference in section 12 or 15, Part VII, section 320, paragraph 364(1) (f), section 388 or 541, sub-section 560 (1) or section 564 to affairs of a corporation shall, unless the contrary intention apears, be construed as including a reference to- (a) the promotion, formation, membership, control, business, trading, transactions and dealings (whether alone or jointly with another person or other persons and including transactions and dealings as agent, bailee or trustee), property (whether held alone or jointly with another person or other persons and including property held as agent, bailee or trustee), liabilities (including liabilities owed jointly with another person or other persons and liabilities as trustee), profits and other income, receipts, losses, outgoings and expenditure of the corporation; (b) in the case of a corporation (not being an authorized trustee corporation) that is a trustee (but without limiting the generality of paragraph (a))-matters concerned with the ascertainment of the identity of the persons who are beneficiaries under the trust, their rights under the trust and any payments that they have received, or are entitled to receive, under the terms of the trust; (c) the internal management and proceedings of the corporation; (d) any act or thing done (including any contract made and any transaction entered into) by or on behalf of the corporation, or to or in relation to the corporation or its business or property, at a time when- (i) a receiver, or a receiver and manager, is in possession of, or has control over, the whole or any part of the property of the corporation; (ii) the corporation is under official management; (iii) a compromise or arrangement made between the corporation and another person or other persons is being administered; or (iv) the corporation is being wound up, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any conduct of such a receiver or such a receiver and manager, of any official manager or deputy official manager of the corporation, of any person administering such a compromise or arrangement or of any liquidator or provisional liquidator of the corporation; (e) the ownership of shares in, debentures of, and prescribed interests made available by, the corporation; (f) the power of persons to exercise, or to control the exercise of, the rights to vote attached to shares in the corporation or to dispose of, or to exercise control over the disposal of, such shares; (g) matters concerned with the ascertainment of the persons who are or have
Back to Top

been financially interested in the success or failure, or apparent success or failure, of the corporation or are or have been able to control or materially to influence the policy of the corporation; (h) the circumstances under which a person acquired or disposed of, or became entitled to acquire or dispose of, shares in, debentures of, or prescribed interests made available by, the corporation; (j) where the corporation has made available prescribed interests-any matters concerning the financial or business undertaking, scheme, common enterprise or investment contract to which the interests relate; and (k) matters relating to or arising out of the audit of, or working papers or reports of an auditor concerning, any matters referred to in any of the preceding paragraphs.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 7. Subsidiaries, holding companies and related corporations

7. (1) For the purposes of this Act, a corporation shall, subject to sub-section (3), be deemed to be a subsidiary of another corporation if- (a) that other corporation- (i) controls the composition of the board of directors of the first-mentioned corporation; (ii) is in a position to cast, or control the casting of, more than one-half of the maximum number of votes that might be cast at a general meeting of the first-mentioned corporation; or (iii) holds more than one-half of the issued share capital of the first-mentioned corporation (excluding any part of that issued share capital that carries no right to participate beyond a specified amount in a distribution of either profits or capital); or (b) the first-mentioned corporation is a subsidiary of any corporation that is that other corporation's subsidiary (including a corporation that is that other corporation's subsidiary by another application or other applications of this paragraph).

(2) Without limiting by implication the circumstances in which the composition of a corporation's board of directors is to be taken to be controlled by another corporation, the composition of a corporation's board of directors shall be taken to be controlled by another corporation if that other corporation, by the exercise of some power exercisable whether with or without the consent or concurrence of any other person by that other corporation, can appoint or remove all or a majority of the directors, and for the purposes of this provision that other corporation shall be deemed to have power to make such an appointment if- (a) a person cannot be appointed as a director without the exercise in his favour by that other corporation of such a power; or (b) a person's appointment as a director follows necessarily from his being a director or other officer of that other corporation.

(3) In determining whether one corporation is a subsidiary of another corporation- (a) any shares held or power exercisable by that other corporation in a fiduciary capacity shall be treated as not held or exercisable by it; (b) subject to paragraphs (c) and (d), any shares held or power exercisable- (i) by any person as a nominee for that other corporation (except where that other corporation is concerned only in a fiduciary capacity); or (ii) by, or by a nominee for, a subsidiary of that other corporation, not being a subsidiary that is concerned only in a fiduciary capacity, shall be treated as held or exercisable by that other corporation; (c) any shares held or power exercisable by any person by virtue of the provisions of any debentures of the first-mentioned corporation, or of a trust deed for securing any issue of such debentures, shall be disregarded; and (d) any shares held or power exercisable by, or by a nominee for, that other corporation or its subsidiary (not being held or exercisable as mentioned in paragraph (c)) shall be treated as not held or exercisable by that other corporation if the ordinary business of that other corporation or its subsidiary, as the case may be, includes the lending of money and the shares are held or the power is exercisable only by way of security given for the purposes of a transaction entered into in the ordinary course of business

Back to Top

in connection with the lending of money, not being a transaction entered into with a person associated with the other corporation or its subsidiary.

(4) A reference in this Act to the holding company of a company or other corporation shall be read as a reference to a corporation of which that last-mentioned company or that other corporation is a subsidiary.

(5) Where a corporation- (a) is the holding company of another corporation; (b) is a subsidiary of another corporation; or (c) is a subsidiary of the holding company of another corporation, that first-mentioned corporation and that other corporation shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be related to each other.

(6) For the purposes of this Act, a corporation is the ultimate holding company of another corporation if- (a) the other corporation is a subsidiary of the first-mentioned corporation; and (b) the first-mentioned corporation is not itself a subsidiary of any corporation.

(7) For the purposes of this Act, a corporation is a wholly-owned subsidiary of another corporation if none of the members of the first-mentioned corporation is a person other than- (a) that other corporation; (b) a nominee of that other corporation; (c) a subsidiary of that other corporation, being a subsidiary none of the members of which is a person other than that other corporation or a nominee of that other corporation; or (d) a nominee of such a subsidiary.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 8. Relevant interests in shares

8. (1) Subject to this section, a person has a relevant interest in a share in a body corporate- (a) for the purposes of Division 4 of Part IV or of section 261, if that share is a voting share and that person has power- (i) to exercise, or to control the exercise of, the right to vote attached to that share; or (ii) to dispose of, or to exercise control over the disposal of, that share; and (b) for the purposes of sections 230, 231 and 232, if that person has power to dispose of, or to exercise control over the disposal of, that share.

(2) It is immaterial for the purposes of this section whether the power of a person- (a) to exercise, or to control the exercise of, the right to vote attached to a voting share in a body corporate; or (b) to dispose of, or exercise control over the disposal of, a share, is express or implied or formal or informal, is exercisable alone or jointly with another person or other persons, cannot be related to a particular share, or is, or is capable of being made, subject to restraint or restriction, and any such power exercisable jointly with another person or other persons shall, for those purposes, be deemed to be exercisable by either or any of those persons.

(3) A reference in this section to power or control includes a reference to power or control that is direct or indirect or is, or is capable of being, exercised as a result of, or by means of, or in breach of, or by revocation of, trusts, agreements, arrangements, understandings and practices, or any of them, whether or not they are enforceable, and a reference in this section to a controlling interest includes a reference to such an interest as gives control.

(4) For the purposes of this section, where a body corporate has power- (a) to exercise, or to control the exercise of, the right to vote attached to a voting share; or (b) to dispose of, or to exercise control over the disposal of, a share, and-

Back to Top

(c) the body corporate is, or its directors are, accustomed or under an obligation, whether formal or informal, to act in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of a person in relation to the exercise of the power; (d) a person has a controlling interest in the body corporate; or (e) a person has power to exercise, or to control the exercise of, the voting power attached to not less than the prescribed percentage of the voting shares in the body corporate, that person shall be deemed to have the same power in relation to that share as the body corporate has.

(5) For the purposes of paragraph (4) (e), a person shall be deemed to have the power referred to in that paragraph if- (a) a person associated with the first-mentioned person has that power; (b) persons associated with the first-mentioned person together have that power; or (c) the first-mentioned person and a person or persons associated with him together have that power.

(6) Where a person- (a) has entered into an agreement with respect to an issued share; (b) has a right relating to an issued share, whether the right is enforceable presently or in the future and whether on the fulfilment of a condition or not; or (c) has an option with respect to an issued share, and, on performance of the agreement, enforcement of the right or exercise of the option, that person would have a relevant interest in the share, he shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to have that relevant interest in the share.

(7) For the purposes of this section, where a body corporate is deemed by sub-section (6) to have a relevant interest in a share and- (a) the body corporate or its directors are accustomed or under an obligation, whether formal or informal, to act in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of a person in relation to the exercise of, or the control of the exercise of, any right to vote attached to that share, or in relation to the disposal of, or the exercise of control over the disposal of, that share; (b) a person has a controlling interest in the body corporate; or (c) a person has power to exercise, or to control the exercise of, the voting power attached to not less than the prescribed percentage of the voting shares in the body corporate, that person shall be deemed to have a relevant interest in that share.

(8) A relevant interest in a share shall be disregarded- (a) for the purposes of Division 4 of Part IV and sections 230, 231, 232 or 261- (i) if the ordinary business of the person who has the relevant interest includes the lending of money and he has authority to exercise his powers as the holder of the relevant interest only by reason of a security given for the purposes of a transaction entered into in the ordinary course of business in connection with the lending of money, not being a transaction entered into with a person associated with the first-mentioned person; (ii) if the relevant interest is that of a person who has it by reason of his holding a prescribed office; (iii) if the share is subject to a trust, the relevant interest is that of a trustee and- (A) a beneficiary is deemed, by sub-section (6), to have a relevant interest in the share by virtue of a presently enforceable and unconditional right referred to in paragraph (b) of that sub-section; or (B) the trustee is a bare trustee; or (iv) if the ordinary business of the person who has the relevant interest includes dealing in securities and he has authority to exercise his powers as the holder of the relevant interest only by reason of instructions given to him by or on behalf of another person to dispose of that share on behalf of the other person in the ordinary course of business; and

Back to Top

(b) for the purposes of Division 4 of Part IV or of section 261, if the relevant interest is that of a person who has it by reason only of his having been appointed as a proxy or representative to vote at a particular meeting of members, or of a class of members, of a corporation, not being an appointment in return for the making of which the person or a person associated with the person provided valuable consideration.

(9) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (8) (a) (iii), a trustee shall not be taken not to be a bare trustee by reason only of the fact that the trustee is entitled in his capacity as a trustee to be remunerated out of the income or property of the trust.

(10) A relevant interest in a share shall not be disregarded by reason only of- (a) its remoteness; or (b) the manner in which it arose.

(11) The regulations may provide that relevant interests, or particular classes of relevant interests, in shares in bodies corporate, or in particular classes of bodies corporate, shall, in such circumstances and subject to such conditions (if any) as are specified in the regulations, be disregarded for the purposes of the provisions of this Act referred to in sub-section (1) or for the purposes of such of those provisions as are specified in the regulations.

(12) A reference in this section to the prescribed percentage is a reference to 20% or, where a lesser percentage is prescribed by regulations in force for the time being for the purposes of section 11 of the Companies (Acquisition of Shares) Act 1980, a reference to that lesser percentage.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 9. Associated persons

9. (1) A reference in this Act to a person associated with another person shall be construed as a reference to- (a) if the other person is a corporation- (i) a director or secretary of the corporation; (ii) a corporation that is related to the other person; or (iii) a director or secretary of such a related corporation; (b) where the matter to which the reference relates is the extent of a power to exercise, or to control the exercise of, the voting power attached to voting shares in a corporation-a person with whom the other person has, or proposes to enter into, an agreement, arrangement, understanding or undertaking, whether formal or informal and whether express or implied- (i) by reason of which either of those persons may exercise, directly or indirectly control the exercise of, or substantially influence the exercise of, any voting power attached to a share in the corporation; (ii) with a view to controlling or influencing the composition of the board of directors, or the conduct of affairs, of the corporation; or (iii) under which either of those persons may acquire from the other of them shares in the corporation or may be required to dispose of such shares in accordance with the directions of the other of them; (c) a person in concert with whom the other person is acting, or proposes to act, in respect of the matter to which the reference relates; (d) a person with whom the other person is, or proposes to become, associated, whether formally or informally, in any other way in respect of the matter to which the reference relates; or (e) if the other person has entered into, or proposes to enter into, a transaction, or has done, or proposes to do, any other act or thing, with a view to becoming associated with a person as mentioned in paragraph (b), (c) or (d)-that last-mentioned person.

(2) A person shall not be taken to be associated with another person by virtue of paragraph (1) (b), (c), (d) or (e) by reason only that- (a) one of those persons furnishes advice to, or acts on behalf of, the other person in the proper performance of the functions attaching to his professional capacity or to his business relationship with the other person; (b) without limiting the generality of paragraph (a), where the ordinary business of one of those persons includes dealing in securities-specific instructions are given to the person by or on behalf of the other person to acquire shares on behalf of the other person in the ordinary course of that

Back to Top

business; or (c) the other person has been appointed by the first-mentioned person as a proxy or representative to exercise, at a meeting of members or of a class of members of a company, votes attached to shares of which the first-mentioned person is the holder, where the relevant interest of that other person in those shares that arises by reason of his appointment as a proxy or representative would be disregarded under sub-section 8 (8) by reason of paragraph (b) of that sub-section.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1) (b), it is immaterial that the power of a person to exercise, control the exercise of, or influence the exercise of, voting power is in any way qualified.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 10. Interpretation

PART II-ADMINISTRATION Division 1-Powers of Inspection 10. In this Division- ''books'' includes banker's books; ''premises'' includes any structure, building, aircraft, vehicle, vessel or place (whether built upon or not) and any part of such a structure, building, aircraft, vehicle, vessel or place.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 11. Commission may inspect books without charge

11. (1) Any book that is required by a provision of this Act to be kept by a company or by a registered foreign company shall be open for inspection without charge by a person authorized by the Commission for the purposes of this section.

(2) An authorization under sub-section (1) may be of general application or may be limited to inspecting a particular book or books or a particular class of books.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 12. Power of Commission to require production of books

12. (1) The powers of the Commission under sub-section (2), or the powers of an authorized person under sub-section (3), to make a requirement of a corporation or person shall not be exercised except- (a) for the purpose of the performance of a function or the exercise of a power by the Commission under an Act that is a relevant Act for the purposes of the Companies and Securities (Interpretation and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1980 (other than the power of the Commission under sub-section 6 (3) of the National Companies and Securities Commission Act 1979) or under a law of a participating State or of a participating Territory that corresponds with such a relevant Act; or (b) where the requirement relates to a matter that constitutes or may constitute- (i) a contravention of, or failure to comply with, a provision of such a relevant Act or corresponding law; (ii) a contravention of, or failure to comply with, a provision of the Companies Ordinance 1962 of the Territory as in force at any time or of a previous law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponded with that Ordinance; or (iii) an offence relating to a company that involves fraud or dishonesty or concerns the management of affairs of the company.

(2) The Commission may, at any time, by notice in writing- (a) give a direction to- (i) a corporation; or (ii) a person who is or has been an officer or employee of, or an agent, banker, solicitor, auditor or other person acting in any capacity for or on behalf of, a corporation (including a corporation that is in the course of being wound up or has been dissolved), requiring the production, at such time and place as are specified in the direction, of such books relating to affairs of the corporation as are so specified; or (b) give a direction to any person requiring the production, at such time and place as are specified in the direction, of any books relating to affairs

Back to Top

of a corporation (including a corporation that is in the course of being wound up or has been dissolved) that are in the custody or under the control of the person.

(3) The Commission may from time to time authorize a person, on producing (if required to do so) such evidence of his authority as is prescribed- (a) to require by notice in writing any corporation to produce to the authorized person forthwith or, if a time and place at which the books are to be produced are specified in the notice, at that time and place, such books relating to affairs of the corporation as are specified by the authorized person; (b) to require by notice in writing any person who is or has been an officer or employee of, or an agent, banker, solicitor, auditor or other person acting in any capacity for or on behalf of, a corporation (including a corporation that is in the course of being wound up or has been dissolved) to produce to the authorized person forthwith such books relating to affairs of the corporation as are specified by the authorized person; or (c) to require by notice in writing any person to produce to the authorized person forthwith any books relating to affairs of a corporation (including a corporation that is in the course of being wound up or has been dissolved) that are in the custody or under the control of the person.

(4) An authorization under sub-section (3) may be of general application or may be limited to making requirements of a particular corporation or other person or particular corporations or other persons.

(5) Where the Commission, or a person authorized by the Commission, requires the production of any books under this section and a person has a lien on the books, the production of the books does not prejudice the lien.

(6) Where a person exercises a power under this section to require another person to produce books- (a) if the books are produced, the first-mentioned person- (i) may take possession of the books and may make copies of, or take extracts from, the books; (ii) may require the other person, or any person who was party to the compilation of the books, to make a statement providing any explanation that the person concerned is able to provide as to any matter relating to the compilation of the books or as to any matter to which the books relate; (iii) may retain possession of the books for such period as is necessary to enable the books to be inspected, and copies of, or extracts from, the books to be made or taken, by or on behalf of the Commission; and (iv) during that period shall permit a person who would be entitled to inspect any one or more of the books if they were not in the possession of the first-mentioned person to inspect at all reasonable times such of the books as that person would be so entitled to inspect; or (b) if the books are not produced, the first-mentioned person may require the other person- (i) to state, to the best of his knowledge and belief, where the books may be found; and (ii) to identify the person who, to the best of his knowledge and belief, last had custody of the books and to state, to the best of his knowledge and belief, where that last-mentioned person may be found.

(7) Where this section confers a power on a person to require another person to produce books relating to affairs of a corporation, the first-mentioned person also has power to require the other person (whether or not he requires the other person to produce books and whether or not any books are produced pursuant to such a requirement), so far as the other person is able to do so, to identify property of the corporation and explain the manner in which the corporation has kept account of that property.

(8) A person shall not be subject to any liability by reason that the person complies with a direction given or purporting to have been given under sub-section (2), or a requirement made, or purporting to have been made, under sub-section (3).

(9) A power conferred by this section to make a requirement of a person extends, if the person is a body corporate, including a body corporate that is in the course of being wound up, or was a body corporate, being a body corporate that has been dissolved, to making that requirement of any person who is or has been an officer of the body corporate.

(10) For the purposes of this section, ''officer'', in relation to a body corporate, includes- (a) a director, secretary, executive officer or employee of the body

Back to Top

corporate; (b) a receiver, or a receiver and manager, of the property or any part of the property of the body corporate; (c) an official manager or a deputy official manager of the body corporate; (d) a liquidator or provisional liquidator of the body corporate; and (e) a trustee or other person administering a compromise or arrangement made between the body corporate and another person or other persons.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 13. Power of magistrate to issue warrant to seize books

13. (1) If a magistrate is satisfied, on information on oath or affirmation laid by an employee of the Commission or by another person authorized in writing by the Commission, that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that there are on particular premises in the Territory any books the production of which has been required under section 12 or under a provision of a law of a participating State or of a participating Territory that corresponds with section 12 and which have not been produced in compliance with that requirement, the magistrate may issue a warrant authorizing any member of the Australian Federal Police together with any other person named in the warrant- (a) to enter those premises (using such force as is necessary for the purpose); (b) to search the premises and to break open and search any cupboard, drawer, chest, trunk, box, package or other receptacle, whether a fixture or not, in the premises; (c) to take possession of, or secure against interference, any books that appear to be books the production of which was so required; and (d) to deliver any books possession of which is so taken into the possession of a person authorized by the Commission to receive them.

(2) An information laid for the purposes of sub-section (1) shall state that the person laying the information suspects that there are on particular premises in the Territory books the production of which has been required under section 12 or under a provision of a law of a participating State or of a participating Territory that corresponds with section 12 and which have not been produced in compliance with that requirement and shall specify the grounds on which the person so suspects.

(3) Where a magistrate issues a warrant under sub-section (1), he shall state on the information laid under that sub-section- (a) which of the grounds set out in the information as required by sub-section (2) he has relied on to justify the issue of the warrant; and (b) particulars of any other grounds relied on by him to justify the issue of the warrant.

(4) There shall be stated in a warrant issued under this section- (a) whether entry is authorized to be made at any time of the day or night or during specified hours of the day or night; and (b) a date, being a date not later than 7 days after the date of issue of the warrant, upon which the warrant ceases to have effect.

(5) Where, under this section, a person takes possession of, or secures against interference, any books, and a person has a lien on the books, the taking of possession of the books or the securing of the books against interference does not prejudice the lien.

(6) Where, under this section, a person takes possession of, or secures against interference, any books, that person or any person to whose possession the books were delivered under paragraph (1) (d)- (a) may make copies of, or take extracts from, the books; (b) may require any person who was party to the compilation of the books to make a statement providing any explanation that that person is able to provide as to any matter relating to the compilation of the books or as to any matter to which the books relate; (c) may retain possession of the books for such period as is necessary to enable the books to be inspected, and copies of, or extracts from, the books to be made or taken, by or on behalf of the Commission; and (d) during that period shall permit a person who would be entitled to

Back to Top

inspect any one or more of those books if they were not in the possession of the first-mentioned person to inspect at all reasonable times such of those books as that person would be so entitled to inspect.

(7) The powers conferred by this section are in addition to, and not in derogation of, any other powers conferred by law.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 14. Offences

14. (1) A person shall not, without reasonable excuse, refuse or fail to comply with a requirement made under section 12 or 13. Penalty: $10,000 or imprisonment for 2 years, or both.

(2) A person shall not, in purported compliance with a requirement made under section 12 or 13, furnish information or make a statement that is false or misleading in a material particular. Penalty: $10,000 or imprisonment for 2 years, or both.

(3) It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against sub-section (2) if the defendant proves that he believed on reasonable grounds that the information or statement was true and was not misleading.

(4) A person shall not, without reasonable excuse, obstruct or hinder- (a) the Commission or another person in the exercise of any power under section 12; or (b) a person executing a warrant issued under section 13. Penalty: $10,000 or imprisonment for 2 years, or both.

(5) The occupier or person in charge of any premises that a person enters pursuant to a warrant referred to in sub-section 13 (1) shall provide the last-mentioned person with all reasonable facilities and assistance for the effective exercise of his powers under the warrant. Penalty: $2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

(6) A person is not excused from making a statement providing an explanation as to any matter relating to the compilation of any books or as to any matter to which any books relate pursuant to a requirement made of him in accordance with section 12 or 13 on the ground that the statement might tend to incriminate him but, where the person claims before making a statement that the statement might tend to incriminate him, the statement is not admissible in evidence against him in criminal proceedings other than proceedings under this section.

(7) Subject to sub-section (6), a statement made by a person in compliance with a requirement made under section 12 or 13 may be used in evidence in any criminal or civil proceedings against the person.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 15. Copies or extracts of books to be admitted in evidence

15. (1) Subject to this section, in any legal proceedings (whether proceedings under this Act or otherwise), a copy of or extract from a book relating to affairs of a corporation is admissible in evidence as if it were the original book or the relevant part of the original book.

(2) A copy of or extract from a book is not admissible in evidence under sub-section (1) unless it is proved that the copy or extract is a true copy of the book or of the relevant part of the book.

(3) For the purposes of sub-section (2), evidence that a copy of or extract from a book is a true copy of the book or of a part of the book may be given by a person who has compared the copy or extract with the book or the relevant part of the book and may be given either orally or by an affidavit sworn, or by a declaration made, before a Commissioner or person authorized to take affidavits or statutory declarations.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 16. Privilege

16. (1) Where- (a) the Commission, or a person authorized by the Commission, makes a requirement under section 12 or 13 of a duly qualified legal practitioner in respect of a document; and (b) the document contains a privileged communication made by or on behalf of or to the legal practitioner in his capacity as a legal practitioner, the legal practitioner is entitled to refuse to comply with the requirement unless the person to whom or by or on behalf of whom the communication was made or, if the person is a body corporate that is under official management or in the course of being wound up, the official manager or the liquidator, as the case may be, agrees to the legal practitioner complying with the requirement but, where the legal practitioner so refuses to comply with a requirement, he shall, if he knows the name and address of the person to whom or by or on behalf of whom the communication was made, forthwith furnish that
Back to Top

name and address in writing to the Commission or authorized person.

(2) Where- (a) under section 12 or 13, the Commission, or a person authorized by the Commission, requires a duly qualified legal practitioner to make a statement providing an explanation as to any matter relating to the compilation of books or as to any matter to which any books relate; and (b) the legal practitioner is not able to make that statement without disclosing a privileged communication made by or on behalf of or to the legal practitioner in his capacity as a legal practitioner, the legal practitioner is entitled to refuse to comply with the requirement, except to the extent that he is able to comply with the requirement without disclosing any privileged communication referred to in paragraph (b), unless the person to whom or by or on behalf of whom the communication was made or, if the person is a body corporate that is under official management or in the course of being wound up, the official manager or the liquidator, as the case may be, agrees to the legal practitioner complying with the requirement but, where the legal practitioner so refuses to comply with a requirement, he shall, if he knows the name and address of the person to whom or by or on behalf of whom the communication was made, forthwith furnish that name and address in writing to the Commission or authorized person. Penalty: $1,000 or imprisonment for 3 months, or both.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 17. Application for registration as auditor or liquidator

Division 2-Registration of Auditors and Liquidators 17. (1) A natural person may make an application to the Commission- (a) for registration as an auditor; (b) for registration as a liquidator; or (c) for registration as a liquidator of a specified corporation, being a corporation that is to be wound up pursuant to the provisions of this Act.

(2) An application under this section shall be made in writing as prescribed and shall contain such information as is prescribed.

(3) This section has effect subject to section 28.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 18. Registration of auditors

18. (1) Subject to this section, where an application for registration as an auditor is made under section 17 and before the expiration of 6 months after the date of commencement of this Act by a person who was, immediately before that date, registered as a company auditor under the Companies Ordinance 1962- (a) the Commission shall grant the application and register the applicant as an auditor unless the Commission is satisfied that the person is not a fit and proper person to be registered as an auditor; and (b) if the Commission is satisfied that the person is not a fit and proper person to be registered as an auditor, the Commission shall refuse the application.

(2) Subject to this section, where an application for registration as an auditor (not being an application to which sub-section (1) applies) is made under section 17, the Commission shall grant the application and register the applicant as an auditor if- (a) the applicant- (i) is a member of the The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia, the Australian Society of Accountants or any other prescribed body; (ii) holds a degree, diploma or certificate from a prescribed university or another prescribed institution in Australia and has passed examinations in such subjects, under whatever name, as the appropriate authority of the university or other institution certifies to the Commission to represent a course of study in accountancy (including auditing) of not less than 3 years' duration and in commercial law (including company law) of not less than 2 years' duration; or (iii) has other qualifications and experience that, in the opinion of the Commission, are equivalent to the qualifications mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) or (ii); (b) the Commission is satisfied that the applicant has had such practical experience in auditing as is prescribed; and

Back to Top

(c) the Commission is satisfied that the applicant is capable of performing the duties of an auditor and is otherwise a fit and proper person to be registered as an auditor, but otherwise the Commission shall refuse the application.

(3) The Commission shall not register as an auditor a person who- (a) is prohibited, by virtue of an order made under section 562 or under any provision of a law, or a previous law, of a State or Territory that corresponds with that section, from acting as a director of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a company or other corporation; or (b) is, by virtue of section 227, prohibited, without the leave of the Court, from acting as a director or promotor of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a corporation.

(4) Subject to sub-section (8), the Commission may refuse to register as an auditor a person who is not resident in Australia.

(5) Where the Commission grants an application by a person for registration as an auditor, the Commission shall cause to be issued to the person a certificate by the Commission stating that the person has been registered as an auditor and specifying the date on which the application was granted.

(6) Where- (a) in a certificate issued to a person under sub-section (5) (including a certificate issued pursuant to this sub-section) a date is specified for the purposes of sub-section 26 (2); and (b) the person requests the Commission to alter the date so specified and surrenders the certificate to the Commission, the Commission may cancel the certificate and issue to the person under sub-section (5), in place of the cancelled certificate, a new certificate that specifies a different date for the purposes of sub-section 26 (2).

(7) A registration under this section shall be deemed to have taken effect at the commencement of the day specified in the certificate as the date on which the application for registration was granted and remains in force until- (a) the registration is cancelled by the Commission or by the Companies Auditors and Liquidators Disciplinary Board; or (b) the person who is registered dies.

(8) The Commission shall not refuse to register a person as an auditor unless the Commission has afforded the person an opportunity to appear at a hearing before the Commission and to make submissions and give evidence to the Commission in relation to the matter.

(9) Where the Commission refuses an application by a person for registration as an auditor, the Commission shall, not later than 14 days after the decision, give to the person notice in writing setting out the decision and setting out the findings on material questions of fact, referring to the evidence or other material on which those findings were based and giving the reasons for the decision.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 19. Auditor-General deemed to be registered as auditor

19. A person who holds office as, or is for the time being exercising the powers and performing the duties of, the Auditor-General shall be deemed to be registered as an auditor under this Division.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 20. Registration of liquidators

20. (1) Subject to this section, where an application for registration as a liquidator is made under section 17 and before the expiration of 6 months after the date of commencement of this Act by a person who was, immediately before that date, registered as a liquidator under the Companies Ordinance 1962- (a) the Commission shall grant the application and register the applicant as a liquidator unless the Commission is satisfied that the person is not a fit and proper person to be registered as a liquidator; or (b) if the Commission is satisfied that the person is not a fit and proper person to be registered as a liquidator-the Commission shall refuse the application.

(2) Subject to this section, where an application for registration as a liquidator (not being an application to which sub-section (1) applies) is made under section 17, the Commission shall grant the application if- (a) the applicant-

Back to Top

(i) is a member of The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia, the Australian Society of Accountants or any other prescribed body; (ii) holds a degree, diploma or certificate from a prescribed university or another prescribed institution in Australia and has passed examinations in such subjects, under whatever name, as the appropriate authority of the university or other institution certifies to the Commission to represent a course of study in accountancy of not less than 3 years' duration and in commercial law (including company law) of not less than 2 years' duration; or (iii) has other qualifications and experience that, in the opinion of the Commission, are equivalent to the qualifications mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) or (ii); (b) the Commission is satisfied as to the experience of the applicant in connection with the winding up of corporations; and (c) the Commission is satisfied that the applicant is capable of performing the duties of a liquidator and is otherwise a fit and proper person to be registered as a liquidator, but otherwise the Commission shall refuse the application.

(3) Where an application for registration as a liquidator of a specified corporation is made under section 17, the Commission shall grant the application and register the applicant as a liquidator of that corporation if the Commission is satisfied that the applicant has sufficient experience and ability, and is a fit and proper person, to act as liquidator of the corporation, having regard to the nature of the property or business of the corporation and the interests of its creditors and contributories, but otherwise the Commission shall refuse the application.

(4) The Commission shall not register as a liquidator, or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, a person who- (a) is prohibited, by virtue of an order made under section 562 or under any provision of a law, or a previous law, of a State or Territory that corresponds with that section, from acting as a director of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a company or other corporation; or (b) is, by virtue of section 227, prohibited, without the leave of the Court, from acting as a director or promoter of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a corporation.

(5) Subject to sub-section (10), the Commission may refuse to register as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation a person who is not resident in Australia.

(6) Where- (a) the Commission grants an application by a person for registration as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation; and (b) the person has complied with the requirements of section 22, the Commission shall cause to be issued to the person a certificate by the Commission- (c) stating that the person has been registered as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation; (d) specifying a date as the date of commencement of the registration, being- (i) the date on which the Commission granted the application; or (ii) the date on which the person complied with the requirements of section 22, whichever was the later; and (e) in the case of a person who is registered under sub-section (3) as a liquidator of a specified corporation-setting out the name of that corporation.

(7) Where- (a) in a certificate issued to a person under sub-section (6) (including a certificate issued pursuant to this sub-section) a date is specified for the purposes of sub-section 26 (2); and (b) the person requests the Commission to alter the date so specified and surrenders the certificate to the Commission, the Commission may cancel the certificate and issue to the person under sub-section (6), in place of the cancelled certificate, a new certificate that specifies a different date for the purposes of sub-section 26 (2).

(8) The registration of a person as a liquidator under sub-section (1) or

Back to Top

(2) comes into force at the commencement of the day specified in the certificate as the date of commencement of the registration and remains in force until- (a) the registration is cancelled by the Commission or by the Companies Auditors and Liquidators Disciplinary Board; or (b) the person dies.

(9) The registration of a person as a liquidator of a specified corporation under sub-section (3) comes into force at the commencement of the day specified in the certificate as the date of commencement of the registration and remains in force until- (a) the registration is cancelled by the Commission or by the Companies Auditors and Liquidators Disciplinary Board; (b) the person dies; or (c) the dissolution of the corporation takes effect.

(10) The Commission shall not refuse to register a person as a liquidator, or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, unless the Commission has afforded the person an opportunity to appear at a hearing before the Commission and to make submissions and give evidence to the Commission in relation to the matter.

(11) Where the Commission refuses an application by a person for registration as a liquidator, or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, the Commission shall, not later than 14 days after the decision, give to the person notice in writing setting out the decision and setting out the findings on material questions of fact, referring to the evidence or other material on which those findings were based and giving the reasons for the decision.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 21. Registration of official liquidators

21. (1) The Commission may register as an official liquidator a natural person who is a registered liquidator.

(2) A person who is registered as an official liquidator is entitled, upon request, to be issued with a certificate of his registration.

(3) The Commission may, pursuant to the power conferred on it by sub-section (1), register as official liquidators as many registered liquidators as it thinks fit.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 22. Security to be given by liquidators

22. (1) Where the Commission grants an application by a person for registration as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, the person shall lodge and maintain with the local authority a security for the due performance of his duties as such a liquidator in such form and for such amount as is, from time to time, determined by the Commission in relation to that liquidator and with such surety or sureties (if any) as the Commission, from time to time, requires.

(2) Where a security is lodged with the local authority in accordance with sub-section (1), the security may be applied by the local authority in such circumstances, for such purposes and in such manner as is prescribed.

(3) The regulations may make provision for or in relation to- (a) the discharge in whole or part by the Commission of securities lodged pursuant to this section; and (b) the release by the Commission of sureties referred to in sub-section (1) from all or any of their obligations as such sureties.

(4) In this section, ''local authority'' means the Corporate Affairs Commission for the Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 23. Register of Auditors

23. (1) The Commission shall cause a Register of Auditors to be kept for the purposes of this Act and shall cause to be entered in the Register in relation to a person who is registered as an auditor- (a) the name of the person; (b) the date on which the application by that person for registration as an auditor was granted; (c) the address of the principal place where the person practises as an auditor and the address of the other places (if any) at which he so practises; (d) if the person practises as an auditor as a member of a firm or under a name or style other than his own-the name of that firm or the name or style
Back to Top

under which he so practises; and (e) particulars of any suspension of the registration of the person as an auditor and of any action taken in respect of the person under paragraph 27 (10) (a), (b) or (c), and may cause to be entered in the Register in relation to a person who is registered as an auditor such other particulars as the Commission considers appropriate.

(2) Where a person ceases to be registered as an auditor under this Division, the Commission shall cause to be removed from the Register of Auditors the name of the person and any other particulars entered in the Register in relation to that person.

(3) A person may inspect and make copies of, or take extracts from, the Register of Auditors.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 24. Registers of Liquidators and Official Liquidators

24. (1) The Commission shall cause a Register of Liquidators to be kept for the purposes of this Act and shall cause to be entered in the Register- (a) in relation to a person who is registered as a liquidator- (i) the name of the person; (ii) the date of commencement of the registration of that person as a liquidator; (iii) the address of the principal place where the person practises as a liquidator and the addresses of the other places (if any) at which he so practises; (iv) if the person practises as a liquidator as a member of a firm or under a name or style other than his own name-the name of that firm or the name or style under which he so practises; and (v) particulars of any suspension of the registration of the person as a liquidator and of any action taken in respect of the person under paragraph 27 (10) (a), (b) or (c); and (b) in relation to a person who is registered as a liquidator of a specified corporation- (i) the name of the person; (ii) the name of the corporation; (iii) the date of commencement of the registration of the person as a liquidator of the corporation; (iv) the address of the principal place where the person proposes to perform his functions as the liquidator of the corporation; (v) if the person practises a profession as a member of a firm or under a name or style other than his own name, being a profession by virtue of which he is qualified to be appointed as a liquidator of the corporation-the name and address of that firm or the name or style under which he so practises; and (vi) particulars of any suspension of the registration of the person as a liquidator of that corporation and of any action taken in respect of the person under paragraph 27 (10) (a), (b) or (c), and may cause to be entered in the Register in relation to a person who is registered as a liquidator, or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, such other particulars as the Commission considers appropriate.

(2) The Commission shall cause a Register of Official Liquidators to be kept for the purposes of this Act and shall cause to be entered in the Register the name, and such other particulars as the Commission considers appropriate, of any person registered as an official liquidator.

(3) Where a person ceases to be registered under this Division as a liquidator, as a liquidator of a specified corporation or as an official liquidator, the Commission shall cause to be removed from the Register of Liquidators or from the Register of Official Liquidators, as the case may be, the name of the person and any other particulars entered in that Register in relation to that person.

(4) A person may inspect and make copies of, or take extracts from, the Register of Liquidators or the Register of Official Liquidators.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 25. Notification of certain matters

25. (1) Where-
Back to Top

(a) a person who is a registered company auditor ceases to practise as an auditor; or (b) a change occurs in any matter particulars of which are required by paragraph 23 (1) (a), (c) or (d) to be entered in the Register of Auditors in relation to a person who is a registered company auditor, the person shall, not later than 21 days after the occurrence of the event concerned, lodge with the Commission, in the prescribed form, particulars in writing of that event.

(2) Where- (a) a person who is a registered liquidator ceases to practise as a liquidator; or (b) a change occurs in any matter particulars of which are required by sub-paragraph 24 (1) (a) (i), (iii) or (iv) to be entered in the Register of Liquidators in relation to a person who is a registered liquidator, the person shall, not later than 21 days after the occurrence of the event concerned, lodge with the Commission, in the prescribed form, particulars in writing of that event.

(3) Where- (a) a person who is registered as a liquidator of a specified corporation ceases to act as a liquidator in the winding up of that corporation; or (b) a change occurs in any matter particulars of which are required by sub-paragraph 24 (1) (b) (i), (ii), (iv) or (v) to be entered in the Register of Liquidators in relation to a person who is registered as a liquidator of a specified corporation, the person shall, not later than 21 days after the occurrence of the event concerned, lodge with the Commission, in the prescribed form, particulars in writing of that event.

(4) Where a person who is registered as an auditor, as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation- (a) becomes an insolvent under administration; (b) becomes, by virtue of sub-section 227 (2), prohibited, without the leave of the Court, from acting as a director or promoter of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a corporation; or (c) becomes prohibited, by virtue of an order made under section 562 or under a provision of a law of a State or of another Territory that corresponds with that section, from acting as a director of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a company or other corporation, the person shall, not later than 3 days after the occurrence of the event concerned, lodge with the Commission, in the prescribed form, particulars in writing of that event.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 26. Triennial statements by registered auditors and liquidators

26. (1) Where a person applies to the Commission for registration as an auditor or as a liquidator and his application is granted under section 18 or sub-section 20 (1) or (2) within one year after the commencement of this Act, the Commission may, in the certificate issued under sub-section 18 (5) or 20 (6) (in this section referred to as the ''relevant certificate''), specify a date for the purposes of sub-section (2) of this section, being a date that is not more than 3 years after the date (in this section referred to as the ''commencement date'') that is, in the relevant certificate, specified pursuant to sub-section 18 (5) or 20 (6), as the case may be.

(2) Where, in a certificate issued to a registered company auditor or a registered liquidator under sub-section 18 (5) or 20 (6), as the case may be, a date is specified for the purposes of this sub-section, the registered company auditor or registered liquidator shall lodge with the Commission, within one month after that date, a statement setting out, in respect of the period commencing on the commencement date and ending on the first-mentioned date, such information as is prescribed.

(3) A person who is a registered company auditor or a registered liquidator shall, within one month after the expiration of the period of 3 years commencing- (a) in the case of a person to whom sub-section (2) applies-on the date specified in the relevant certificate for the purposes of sub-section (2); or (b) in the case of a person to whom sub-section (2) does not apply-on the commencement date, and of each subsequent period of 3 years, lodge with the Commission a statement in respect of that period of 3 years setting out such information as is prescribed.

Back to Top

(4) The Commission may, on the application of a registered company auditor or a registered liquidator made before the expiration of the period for lodging a statement under sub-section (2) or (3), in its discretion extend, or further extend, that period.

(5) The Commission may, by notice in writing served on the person, require a person who is registered as a liquidator of a specified corporation to lodge with the Commission, within a period specified in the notice, a statement in respect of a period specified in the notice setting out such information as is prescribed and, where such a notice is served on a person, the person shall lodge the statement as required by the notice.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 27. Cancellation or suspension of registration

27. (1) Where a person who is registered as an auditor, as a liquidator, as a liquidator of a specified corporation or as an official liquidator under this Division requests the Commission to cancel his registration, the Commission may, in its discretion, cancel the registration of that person as an auditor, as a liquidator, as a liquidator of that corporation or as an official liquidator, as the case may be.

(2) The Commission may, at any time, in its discretion, cancel or suspend the registration as an official liquidator of a person who is so registered and the decision of the Commission cancelling or suspending the registration of a person as an official liquidator is final.

(3) Where the Commission decides to exercise its power under sub-section (2) to cancel or suspend the registration of a person as an official liquidator, the Commission shall, not later than 14 days after the decision, give to the person a notice in writing setting out the decision and setting out the findings on material questions of fact, referring to the evidence or other material on which those findings were based and giving the reasons for the decision.

(4) The Board may, if it is satisfied on application by the Commission- (a) that a person registered as an auditor under this Division- (i) is an insolvent under administration; (ii) is, by virtue of sub-section 227 (2), prohibited, without the leave of the Court, from acting as a director or promoter of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a corporation; (iii) is prohibited, by virtue of an order made under section 562 or under any provision of a law, or a previous law, of a State or of another Territory that corresponds with that section, from acting as a director of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a company or other corporation; (iv) is incapable, by reason of mental infirmity, of managing his affairs; (v) has failed to comply with the provisions of section 26; or (vi) has ceased to be resident in Australia; or (b) that a person registered as an auditor under this Division has failed, whether within or outside the Territory, to carry out adequately and properly the duties of an auditor or is otherwise not a fit and proper person to remain registered as an auditor, by order, cancel, or suspend for a specified period, the registration of that person as an auditor.

(5) The Board may, if it is satisfied on application by the Commission- (a) that a person registered as a liquidator under this Division- (i) is an insolvent under administration; (ii) is, by virtue of sub-section 227 (2), prohibited, without the leave of the Court, from acting as a director or promoter of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a corporation; (iii) is prohibited, by virtue of an order made under section 562 or under any provision of a law, or a previous law, of a State or of another Territory that corresponds with that section, from acting as a director of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a company or other corporation; (iv) is incapable, by reason of mental infirmity, of managing his affairs; (v) has failed to comply with the provisions of section 26; or

Back to Top

(vi) has ceased to be resident in Australia; or (b) that a person registered as a liquidator under this Division has failed, whether within or outside the Territory, to carry out adequately and properly the duties of a liquidator or is otherwise not a fit and proper person to remain registered as a liquidator, by order, cancel, or suspend for a specified period, the registration of that person as a liquidator.

(6) The Board may, if it is satisfied on application by the Commission- (a) that a person registered under this Division as the liquidator of a specified corporation- (i) is an insolvent under this administration; (ii) is, by virtue of sub-section 227 (2), prohibited, without the leave of the Court, from acting as a director or promoter of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a corporation; (iii) is prohibited, by virtue of an order made under section 562 or under any provision of a law, or a previous law, of a State or of another Territory that corresponds with that section, from acting as a director of, or from being concerned in or taking part in the management of, a company or other corporation; (iv) is incapable, by reason of mental infirmity, of managing his affairs; (v) has failed to comply with a requirement made of him under sub-section 26 (5); or (vi) has ceased to be resident in Australia; or (b) that a person registered under this Division as a liquidator of a specified corporation has failed, whether within or outside the Territory, to carry out adequately and properly the duties of a liquidator in respect of the winding up of that corporation or is otherwise not a fit and proper person to remain registered as a liquidator of that corporation, by order, cancel, or suspend for a specified period, the registration of that person as a liquidator of that corporation.

(7) Where the Commission makes an application to the Board under sub-section (4) in respect of a person who is also registered as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, the Board may, in addition to making an order under that sub-section, if it is satisfied as to any of the matters specified in paragraph (5) (a) or (b) or (6) (a) or (b), make an order cancelling, or suspending for a specified period, the registration of that person as a liquidator or as a liquidator of that corporation, as the case may be, and, where the Board makes such an order, the order shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to have been made under sub-section (5) or (6), as the case may be.

(8) Where the Commission makes an application to the Board under sub-section (5) in respect of a person who is also registered as an auditor or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, the Board may, in addition to making an order under that sub-section, if it is satisfied as to any of the matters specified in paragraph (4) (a) or (b) or (6) (a) or (b), make an order cancelling, or suspending for a specified period, the registration of that person as an auditor or as a liquidator of that corporation, as the case may be, and, where the Board makes such an order, the order shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to have been made under sub-section (4) or (6), as the case may be.

(9) Where the Commission makes an application to the Board under sub-section (6) in respect of a person who is also registered as an auditor or as a liquidator, the Board may, in addition to making an order under that sub-section, if it is satisfied as to any of the matters specified in paragraph (4) (a) or (b) or (5) (a) or (b), make an order cancelling, or suspending for a specified period, the registration of that person as an auditor or as a liquidator, as the case may be, and, where the Board makes such an order, the order shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to have been made under sub-section (4) or (5), as the case may be.

(10) Where, on application made by the Commission under this section in relation to a person who is registered as an auditor, as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, the Board is satisfied of the matters set out in paragraph (4) (b), (5) (b) or (6) (b), as the case may be, the Board may, in addition to or instead of cancelling or suspending the registration of that person as an auditor, liquidator or liquidator of that corporation, as the case may be, deal with that person in one or more of the following ways: (a) by imposing on that person a penalty not exceeding $1,000;

Back to Top

(b) by admonishing or reprimanding that person; (c) by requiring that person to give an undertaking to engage in, or to refrain from engaging in, specified conduct, and if a person fails to give an undertaking when required to do so under paragraph (c) or contravenes or fails to comply with an undertaking given pursuant to a requirement under that paragraph, the Board may, subject to sub-section (11), cancel, or suspend for a specified period, the registration of the person as an auditor, as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, as the case may be.

(11) The Board shall not- (a) cancel or suspend the registration of a person as an auditor, as a liquidator, or as a liquidator of a specified corporation; or (b) deal with a person in any of the ways mentioned in paragraphs (10) (a), (b) and (c), unless the Board has afforded the person an opportunity to appear at a hearing before the Board and to make submissions and give evidence to the Board in relation to the matter.

(12) Where- (a) the Board conducts a hearing in relation to a person in accordance with sub-section (11); and (b) the Board cancels or suspends the registration of the person as an auditor, as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, or deals with the person in any of the ways mentioned in paragraph (10) (a), (b) or (c), the Board may require that person to pay an amount specified by the Board, being all or part of- (c) the costs of and incidental to that hearing; (d) the costs of the Commission in relation to that hearing; or (e) the costs mentioned in paragraph (c) and the costs mentioned in paragraph (d).

(13) Where- (a) the Board conducts a hearing in relation to a person in accordance with sub-section (11); and (b) the Board refuses to make an order cancelling or suspending the registration of the person as an auditor, as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation, as the case requires, and does not deal with the person in any of the ways mentioned in paragraphs (10) (a), (b) and (c), the Board may require the Commission to pay an amount specified by the Board, being all or part of- (c) the costs of and incidental to that hearing; (d) the costs of the person in relation to that hearing; or (e) the costs mentioned in paragraph (c) and the costs mentioned in paragraph (d).

(14) The Board may exercise any of its powers under this section in relation to a person as a result of conduct engaged in by that person whether or not that conduct constituted or might constitute an offence, and whether or not any proceedings have been brought or are to be brought in relation to that conduct.

(15) Where the Board decides to exercise any of its powers under this section in relation to a person who is registered as an auditor, as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation (other than the power to order the payment of costs by that person under sub-section (12)), the Board shall, not later than 14 days after the decision, give to the person a notice in writing setting out the decision and setting out the findings on material questions of fact, referring to the evidence or other material on which those findings were based and giving the reasons for the decision.

(16) A decision of the Commission under sub-section (1) to cancel the registration of a person as an auditor, as a liquidator, as a liquidator of a specified corporation or as an official liquidator comes into effect forthwith upon the making of the decision.

(17) A decision of the Commission under sub-section (2) to cancel the registration of a person as an official liquidator comes into effect at the expiration of the day on which notice of the decision is given to the person in accordance with sub-section (3).

(18) Subject to sub-section (19), a decision of the Board to cancel or suspend the registration of a person as an auditor, as a liquidator or as a liquidator of a specified corporation comes into effect at the expiration of

Back to Top

the day on which notice of the decision is given to the person in accordance with sub-section (15).

(19) The Board may, in its discretion, postpone the coming into effect of a decision referred to in sub-section (18) to enable the Commission or the person concerned to appeal against the decision and, where the Board so postpones the coming into effect of a decision, the decision comes into effect- (a) where neither the Commission nor the person concerned appeals against the decision pursuant to sub-section (26) or (27) within the prescribed period-at the expiration of that period; (b) where either the Commission or the person concerned appeals against the decision pursuant to sub-section (26) or (27)- (i) if the Commission or the person concerned, as the case may be, withdraws the appeal before it is determined by the Court-upon the withdrawal of the appeal; or (ii) if the Commission or the person concerned, as the case may be, does not so withdraw the appeal and the Court confirms or modifies the decision-at a time fixed by the Court; or (c) where the Commission and the person concerned both appeal against the decision pursuant to sub-sections (26) and (27)- (i) if both the Commission and the person concerned withdraw the appeals before they are determined by the Court-upon the withdrawal of the later of the appeals to be withdrawn; or (ii) if either the Commission or the person concerned does not so withdraw its or his appeal, or neither the Commission nor the person concerned withdraws its or his appeal, and the Court confirms or modifies the decision-at a time fixed by the Court.

(20) A person whose registration as an auditor, as a liquidator, as a liquidator of a specified corporation or as an official liquidator is suspended shall, except for the purposes of sub-section 23 (2), 24 (3) or 26 (2), (3) or (5), be deemed not to be registered as an auditor, liquidator, liquidator of that corporation or official liquidator, as the case may be, so long as the registration is suspended.

(21) The amount of a penalty imposed on a person under sub-section (10) may be recovered in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to the Commonwealth.

(22) Where- (a) under sub-section (12), the Board requires a person to pay all or part of the costs of and incidental to a hearing conducted by the Board in relation to that person (whether or not the Board also requires that person to pay all or part of the costs of the Commission in relation to that hearing); or (b) under sub-section (13), the Board requires the Commission to pay all or part of the costs of and incidental to a hearing conducted by the Board on the application of the Commission (whether or not the Board also requires the Commission to pay all or part of the costs of the person in relation to whom the hearing was conducted), the amount of the costs of and incidental to the hearing so required to be paid by that person or by the Commission, as the case may be, may be recovered in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to the Commonwealth.

(23) Where, under sub-section (12), the Board requires a person to pay all or part of the costs of the Commission in relation to a hearing conducted by the Board in relation to that person (whether or not the Board also requires that person to pay all or part of the costs of and incidental to the hearing), the amount of the costs of the Commission so required to be paid by that person may be recovered in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to the Commonwealth.

(24) Where, under sub-section (13), the Board requires the Commission to pay all or part of the costs of a person in relation to a hearing conducted by the Board in relation to that person (whether or not the Board also requires the Commission to pay all or part of the costs of and incidental to the hearing), the amount of the costs of that person so required to be paid by the Commission may be recovered in a court of competent jurisdiction as a debt due to that person.

(25) Evidence of any statement made by a person at a hearing held for the purposes of this section in relation to that person shall not be admitted in evidence in criminal proceedings against that person other than proceedings in respect of the falsity of the statement.

(26) A person (other than the Commission) aggrieved by a decision of the Board under this section may, within such period as is prescribed, appeal to the Court, which may confirm, reverse or modify the decision and make such orders and give such directions in the matter as it thinks fit.

Back to Top

(27) The Commission may, within such period as is prescribed, appeal to the Court against a decision of the Board under this section, (including a refusal to make an order under this section) and the Court may confirm, reverse or modify the decision and make such orders and give such directions in the matter as it thinks fit.

(28) In this section, ''Board'' means the Companies Auditors and Liquidators Disciplinary Board.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 28. Certain persons not to apply for registration as auditor or liquidator

28. (1) A person who has applied for registration as an auditor or liquidator under the provisions of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that correspond with this Division is not entitled to apply to the Commission for registration as an auditor or liquidator, as the case may be, under this Act before he has been notified of the results of his application.

(2) A person whose application for registration as an auditor or liquidator under the provisions of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that correspond with this Division has been refused is not entitled, without the leave of the Supreme Court of that State or Territory, to apply to the Commission for registration as an auditor or liquidator, as the case may be, under this Act.

(3) A person whose registration as an auditor or liquidator has been cancelled or suspended under the provisions of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that correspond with section 27 (other than sub-section (1)) is not entitled, without the leave of the Supreme Court of that State or Territory, to apply to the Commission for registration as an auditor or liquidator, as the case may be, under this Act.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 29. Certain persons deemed to be registered under this Act

29. (1) A person who is registered as an auditor, as a liquidator or as an official liquidator under the provisions of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that correspond with this Division shall be deemed to be registered as an auditor, as a liquidator or as an official liquidator, as the case may be, under this Act.

(2) A person who is deemed to be registered as an auditor under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with section 19 shall be deemed to be registered as an auditor under this Act.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 30. Auditors and other persons to enjoy qualified privilege in certain circumstances

30. (1) An auditor is not, in the absence of malice on his part, liable to any action for defamation at the suit of any person in respect of- (a) any statement that he makes, orally or in writing, in the course of his duties as auditor; (b) any statement that he makes, orally or in writing, on a report of the directors under section 270 or the corresponding provision of a law of a participating State or of a participating Territory or on any statement, report or other document that is deemed, for any purpose, to be part of the first-mentioned report; or (c) the giving of any notice, or the sending of any copy of accounts, group accounts or a report, to the Commission under sub-section 285 (9) or (10).

(2) A person is not, in the absence of malice on his part, liable to any action for defamation at the suit of any person- (a) in respect of the publishing of any document prepared by an auditor in the course of his duties and required by or under this Act, or required by or under the corresponding law of a participating State or of a participating Territory, to be lodged with the Commission, whether or not the document has been so lodged; or (b) in respect of the publishing of any statement made by an auditor as mentioned in sub-section (1).

(3) This section does not limit or affect any right, privilege or immunity that an auditor or other person has, apart from this section, as defendant in an action for defamation.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 31. Registers

Division 3-Registers and Registration of Documents 31. (1) The Commission shall, subject to this Act, keep such registers as it considers necessary in such form as it thinks fit.

(2) A person may- (a) inspect any document lodged with the Commission or with the Registrar

Back to Top

of Companies, not being- (i) an application under section 17; (ii) a document lodged under section 25; or (iii) a document that has been destroyed or otherwise disposed of; (b) require a certificate of the incorporation of any company or any other certificate authorized by this Act to be given by the Commission; or (c) require a copy of or extract from any document that he is entitled to inspect pursuant to paragraph (a) or any certificate referred to in paragraph (b) to be given, or given and certified, by the Commission.

(3) If a reproduction or transparency of a document or certificate is produced for inspection, a person is not entitled pursuant to paragraph (2) (a) to require the production of the original of that document or certificate.

(4) The reference in paragraph (2) (c) to a document or certificate includes, where a reproduction or transparency of that document or certificate has been incorporated with a register kept by the Commission, a reference to that reproduction or transparency and, where such a reproduction or transparency has been so incorporated, a person is not entitled pursuant to that paragraph to a copy of or extract from the original of that document or certificate.

(5) A copy of or extract from any document lodged with the Commission or with the Registrar of Companies, and certified by the Commission, is, in any proceedings, admissible in evidence as of equal validity with the original document.

(6) The reference in sub-section (5) to a document includes, where a reproduction or transparency of that document has been incorporated with a register kept by the Commission, a reference to that reproduction or transparency.

(7) In any proceedings- (a) a certificate by the Commission that, at a date or during a period specified in the certificate, no company was registered under this Act or a corresponding previous law of the Territory by a name specified in the certificate shall be received as prima facie evidence that at that date or during that period, as the case may be, no company was registered by that name under this Act or any corresponding previous law of the Territory; and (b) a certificate by the Commission that a requirement of this Act specified in the certificate- (i) had or had not been complied with at a date or within a period specified in the certificate; or (ii) had been complied with at a date specified in the certificate but not before that date, shall be received as prima facie evidence of matters specified in the certificate.

(8) If the Commission is of opinion that a document submitted for lodgment with the Commission- (a) contains matter contrary to law; (b) contains matter that, in a material particular, is false or misleading in the form or context in which it is included; (c) by reason of an omission or misdescription has not been duly completed; (d) does not comply with the requirements of this Act; or (e) contains an error, alteration or erasure, the Commission may refuse to register or receive the document and may request- (f) that the document be appropriately amended or completed and re-submitted; (g) that a fresh document be submitted in its place; or (h) where the document has not been duly completed, that a supplementary document in the prescribed form be lodged.

(9) The Commission may require a person who submits a document for lodgment with the Commission to produce to the Commission such other document, or to furnish to the Commission such information, as the Commission thinks necessary in order to form an opinion whether it may refuse to receive or register the

Back to Top

document.

(10) The Commission may, if in the opinion of the Commission it is no longer necessary or desirable to retain them, destroy or dispose of- (a) in relation to a corporation- (i) any return of allotment of shares for cash that has been lodged for not less than 2 years; (ii) any annual return or balance-sheet that has been lodged for not less than 7 years or any document creating or evidencing a charge, or the complete or partial satisfaction of a charge, where a memorandum of satisfaction of the charge has been registered for not less than 7 years; or (iii) any other document (other than the constituent documents or any other document affecting them) that has been lodged or registered for not less than 15 years; (b) in relation to a corporation that has been dissolved or has ceased to be registered for not less than 15 years, any document lodged or registered; or (c) any document a transparency of which has been incorporated with a register kept by the Commission.

(11) If a corporation or other person, having made default in complying with- (a) any provision of this Act or of any other law that requires the lodging in any manner with the Commission of any return, account or other document or the giving of notice to the Commission of any matter; or (b) any request of the Commission to amend or complete and resubmit any document or to submit a fresh document, fails to make good the default within 14 days after the service on the corporation or person of a notice requiring it to be done, the Court or any court of summary jurisdiction may, on an application by any member or creditor of the corporation or by the Commission, make an order directing the corporation or any officer of the corporation or the person to make good the default within such time as is specified in the order.

(12) Any such order may provide that all costs of and incidental to the application shall be borne by the corporation or by any officers of the corporation responsible for the default or by the person.

(13) A corporation that, or an officer of a corporation or other person who, contravenes or fails to comply with an order under sub-section (11) is guilty of an offence. Penalty: $5,000 or imprisonment for 1 year, or both.

(14) Nothing in this section prejudices the operation of any law imposing penalties on a corporation or its officers or on another person in respect of a default mentioned in sub-section (11).

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 32. Relodging of lost registered documents

32. (1) If, in the case of a corporation incorporated or registered in the Territory, any of the constituent documents of, or any other document relating to, the corporation lodged with the Commission or the Registrar of Companies has been lost or destroyed, any person may apply to the Commission for leave to lodge with the Commission a copy of the document as originally lodged.

(2) Where such an application is made, the Commission may direct that notice of the application be given to such persons and in such manner as it thinks fit.

(3) Whether or not an application has been made to the Commission under sub-section (1), the Commission, upon being satisfied- (a) that an original document has been lost or destroyed; (b) of the date of the lodging of that document; and (c) that a copy of that document produced to the Commission is a correct copy, may certify upon the copy that it is so satisfied and grant leave for the copy to be lodged in the manner required by law in respect of the original.

(4) Upon the lodgment the copy has, and shall be deemed to have had from such date as is mentioned in the certificate as the date of the lodging of the original, the same force and effect for all purposes as the original.

(5) The Court may, by order made upon application by any person aggrieved and after notice to any other person as directed by the Court, confirm, vary or rescind the certificate, and the order may be lodged with the Commission and shall be registered by it, but no payments, contracts, dealings, acts or things made, had or done in good faith before the registration of the order

Back to Top

and upon the faith of and in reliance upon the certificate shall be invalidated or affected by any such variation or rescission.

(6) Where a transparency of a document referred to in sub-section (1) has been incorporated with a register kept by the Commission and is lost or destroyed as referred to in that sub-section, the foregoing provisions of this section have effect as if the document of which it is a transparency had been so lost or destroyed.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 33. Formation of companies

PART III-CONSTITUTION OF COMPANIES Division 1-Incorporation 33. (1) Subject to this Act, any 5 or more persons, or, where the company to be formed will be a proprietary company, any 2 or more persons, associated for any lawful purpose may, by subscribing their names to a memorandum and complying with the requirements as to registration, form an incorporated company.

(2) A company may be- (a) a company limited by shares; (b) a company limited by guarantee; (c) a company limited both by shares and by guarantee; (d) an unlimited company; or (e) in the case of a mining company, a no liability company.

(3) Subject to sub-section (4)- (a) an association or partnership consisting of more than 20 persons that has for its object the acquisition of gain by the association or partnership or individual members of the association or partnership shall not be formed unless it is incorporated under this Act or is formed pursuant to another Act or letters patent; and (b) a person who participates in the purported formation of an association or partnership in contravention of paragraph (a) is guilty of an offence.

(4) Where a profession or calling is declared by the Ministerial Council by notice published in the Gazette to be a profession or calling that may be carried on by an unincorporated association or partnership consisting of not more than the number of persons specified in the notice, an association or partnership formed for the purpose of carrying on that profession or calling and consisting of not more than that number of persons may carry on that profession or calling notwithstanding that it is not incorporated under this Act and is not formed pursuant to another Act or letters patent.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 34. Proprietary companies

34. (1) A company having a share capital (other than a no liability company) may be incorporated as a proprietary company if a provision of its memorandum or articles- (a) restricts the right to transfer its shares; (b) limits to not more than 50 the number of its members (counting joint holders of shares as one person and not counting any person in the employment of the company or of its subsidiary or any person who, while previously in the employment of the company or of its subsidiary was, and thereafter has continued to be, a member of the company); (c) prohibits any invitation to the public to subscribe for, and any offer to the public to accept subscriptions for, any shares in, or debentures of, the company; and (d) prohibits any invitation to the public to deposit money with, and any offer to the public to accept deposits of money with, the company for fixed periods or payable at call, whether bearing or not bearing interest.

(2) Where, upon the commencement of this Act, neither the memorandum nor the articles of a company that is a proprietary company by virtue of paragraph (a) of the definition of ''proprietary company'' in sub-section 5 (1) contains or contain the restrictions, limitations and prohibitions required by sub-section (1) of this section to be included in the memorandum or articles of a company that may be incorporated as a proprietary company, the articles of the company shall be deemed to include each such restriction, limitation or prohibition that is not so included and a restriction on the right to transfer its shares that is so deemed to be included in its articles shall be deemed to be a restriction that prohibits the transfer of shares except to a person approved by the directors of the company.

Back to Top

(3) Where a restriction, limitation or prohibition that is deemed to be included in the articles of a company under sub-section (2) is inconsistent with any provision already included in the memorandum or articles of the company, that restriction, limitation or prohibition shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, prevail.

(4) A proprietary company may, by special resolution, alter any restriction on the right to transfer its shares included, or deemed to be included, in its memorandum or articles or any limitation on the number of its members included, or deemed to be included, in its memorandum or articles, but not so that the memorandum and articles of the company cease to include the limitation required by paragraph (1) (b) to be included in the memorandum or articles of a company that may be incorporated as a proprietary company.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 35. Registration and incorporation

35. (1) Persons desiring the incorporation of a company shall lodge the memorandum and the articles (if any) of the proposed company with the Commission together with the other documents required to be lodged by or under this Act and the Commission shall, subject to this Act, register the company by registering the memorandum and articles (if any).

(2) On the registration of the memorandum, the Commission shall certify under its common seal that the company is, on and from the date specified in the certificate, incorporated and that the company is- (a) a company limited by shares; (b) a company limited by guarantee; (c) a company limited both by shares and by guarantee; (d) an unlimited company; or (e) a no liability company, as the case may be, and, where applicable, that it is a proprietary company.

(3) The Commission shall keep a copy of a certificate under sub-section (2) and sub-sections 31(2) and (5) apply to that copy as if it were a document lodged with the Commission.

(4) On and from the date of incorporation specified in the certificate of incorporation, but subject to this Act, the subscribers to the memorandum, together with such other persons as from time to time become members of the company, are an incorporated company by the name set out in the memorandum.

(5) The company- (a) is capable forthwith of performing all the functions of a body corporate; (b) is capable of suing and being sued; (c) has perpetual succession and shall have a common seal; and (d) has power to acquire, hold and dispose of property.

(6) The members of the company have such liability as members of the company to contribute to the property of the company in a winding up of the company as is provided by this Act.

(7) The subscribers to the memorandum shall be deemed to have agreed to become members of the company and, on the incorporation of the company, each subscriber becomes such a member and his name shall be entered in the register of members of the company.

(8) Each other person who agrees to become a member of the company and whose name is entered in the register of members of the company becomes a member of the company.

(9) A company shall not be registered under sub-section (1) unless the name under which the company is proposed to be registered is reserved under section 40 in respect of the company.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 36. Membership of holding company

36. (1) A corporation cannot be a member of a company that is its holding company, and any allotment or transfer of shares in a company to its subsidiary is void.

(2) Any purported acquisition of units of shares in a company that is a holding company by its subsidiary is void.

(3) Neither sub-section (1) nor (2) applies where- (a) the subsidiary is concerned as a personal representative; or (b) the subsidiary is concerned as a trustee and- (i) the holding company or a subsidiary of the holding company is not beneficially interested under the trust; or

Back to Top

(ii) the holding company or a subsidiary of the holding company is beneficially interested under the trust only by way of a security given for the purposes of a transaction entered into in the ordinary course of business in connection with the lending of money, not being a transaction entered into with a person associated with the holding company or a subsidiary of the holding company.

(4) This section does not prevent a subsidiary that was, at the commencement of the Companies Ordinance 1962, a member of its holding company from continuing to be a member but, subject to sub-section (3), the subsidiary does not have a right to vote at meetings of the holding company or of any class of members of the holding company.

(5) This section does not prevent a subsidiary from continuing to be a member of its holding company if, at the time when it becomes a subsidiary of the holding company, it already holds shares in that holding company, but, subject to sub-section (3)- (a) the subsidiary does not have a right to vote at meetings of the holding company or of any class of members of the holding company; and (b) the subsidiary shall, within the period of 12 months or such longer period as the Court may allow after becoming the subsidiary of its holding company, dispose of all of its shares in the holding company.

(6) Subject to sub-section (3), sub-sections (1), (2), (4) and (5) apply in relation to a nominee for a corporation that is a subsidiary as if references in those sub-sections to such a corporation included references to a nominee for it.

(7) In relation to a holding company that is either a company limited by guarantee or an unlimited company, the reference in this section to shares shall, whether or not the holding company has a share capital, be construed as including a reference to the interest of its members as such, whatever the form of that interest.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 37. Requirements as to memorandum

37. (1) The memorandum of a company shall be printed, divided into numbered paragraphs, dated, and signed by the persons desiring the formation of the company, and shall state, in addition to other requirements- (a) the name of the company; (b) the objects of the company; (c) unless the company is an unlimited company, the amount of share capital (if any) with which the company proposes to be registered and the division of that share capital into shares of a fixed amount; (d) if the company is a company limited by shares, that the liability of the members is limited; (e) if the company is a company limited by guarantee or both by shares and by guarantee, that the liability of the members is limited and that each member undertakes to contribute to the property of the company, in the event of its being wound up while he is a member or within one year after he ceases to be a member, for payment of the debts and liabilities of the company contracted before he ceases to be a member and of the costs, charges and expenses of winding up and for adjustment of the rights of the contributories among themselves, such amount as may be required not exceeding a specified amount in addition to the amount (if any) unpaid on any shares held by him; (f) if the company is an unlimited company, that the liability of the members is unlimited; (g) if the company is a no liability company, that the acceptance of shares in the company does not constitute a contract to pay calls in respect of the shares or to make any contribution towards the debts and liabilities of the company; (h) the full names, addresses and occupations of the subscribers to the memorandum being natural persons, and the corporate names, and the addresses of the registered or principal offices, of the subscribers to the memorandum being corporations; and (j) that those subscribers are desirous of being formed into a company pursuant to the memorandum and (where the company is to have a share capital) respectively agree to take the number of shares in the capital of the company set out opposite their respective names.

(2) Each subscriber to the memorandum- (a) shall, if the company is to have a share capital, state in words-

Back to Top

(i) the number of shares (being not less than one) that he agrees to take; and (ii) if the shares in the company are divided into classes, the class or the respective classes in which the shares that he agrees to take are included; and (b) whether or not the company is to have a share capital, shall sign the memorandum in the presence of at least one witness (not being another subscriber).

(3) A witness to the signature of a subscriber to the memorandum shall attest the signature and add his address.

(4) A reference in sub-section (1) or (2) to the signing of the memorandum of a company shall, in the case of the signing by a person being a body corporate, be construed as including a reference to the affixing in accordance with the constituent documents of the body corporate of the common or official seal of the body corporate to the memorandum and, where a body corporate signs the memorandum by so affixing its common or official seal, sub-section (2) does not require a witness to the affixing of that seal.

(5) A statement in the memorandum of a company limited by shares that the liability of members is limited means that the liability of the members is limited to the amount (if any) unpaid on the shares respectively held by them.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 38. Interpretation

Division 2-Names 38. (1) For the purposes of this Division a name shall be taken to be available for reservation in the Territory unless the name- (a) is a name that is reserved or registered under this Division or, in the opinion of the Commission, so closely resembles such a name as to be likely to be mistaken for it; (b) is, in the opinion of the Commission, undesirable; or (c) is a name, or a name of a kind, that the Ministerial Council has directed the Commission not to accept for registration.

(2) Notwithstanding sub-section (1), a name that is a name, or a name of a kind, that the Ministerial Council has directed the Commission not to accept for registration shall be taken to be available for reservation in the Territory in relation to a corporation or intended corporation if the Ministerial Council has consented to the name being reserved or registered under this Division in respect of that corporation or intended corporation.

(3) For the purposes of this Division, a name shall be taken to be available for reservation in a participating State or a participating Territory if it is available for reservation in that State or Territory under the provision of a law of that State or Territory that corresponds with this section.

(4) Where the Ministerial Council gives a direction to the Commission in accordance with paragraph (1) (c), the Commission shall cause particulars of the direction to be published in the Gazette.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 39. Names of particular classes of companies

39. (1) A limited company shall have the word ''Limited'' or the abbreviation ''Ltd.'' as part of and at the end of its name.

(2) A no liability company shall have the words ''No Liability'' or the abbreviation ''N.L.'' as part of and at the end of its name.

(3) A proprietary company shall have the word ''Proprietary'' or the abbreviation ''Pty.'' as part of its name, inserted immediately before the word ''Limited'' or before the abbreviation ''Ltd.'' or, in the case of an unlimited company, at the end of its name.

(4) A description of a company shall not be taken to be inadequate or incorrect by reason of the use of- (a) the abbreviation ''Co.'' or ''Coy.'' in lieu of the word ''Company'' contained in the name of the company; (b) the abbreviation ''Pty.'' in lieu of the word ''Proprietary'' contained in the name of the company; (c) the abbreviation ''Ltd.'' in lieu of the word ''Limited'' contained in the name of the company; (d) the symbol ''&'' in lieu of the word ''and'' contained in the name of the company; (e) the abbreviation ''N.L.'' in lieu of the words ''No Liability'' contained in the name of the company; or

Back to Top

(f) any of those words in lieu of the corresponding abbreviation or symbol contained in the name of the company.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 40. Reservation and registration of name of intended company

40. (1) A person may apply in the prescribed form to the Commission for the reservation in the Territory of a name set out in the application as the name of an intended company.

(2) Subject to sub-section (3), if- (a) the Commission is satisfied that an application made under sub-section (1) for the reservation of a name is made in good faith; and (b) the name is available for reservation in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve the name for a period of 2 months from the date of lodgment of the application, and, where the Commission so reserves the name, the name shall be deemed to have been reserved from that date.

(3) Where- (a) an application is made under sub-section (1) for the reservation of a name; (b) the application states that it is desired to reserve that name in a participating State or participating Territory; and (c) the name is not available for reservation in that State or Territory, the Commission shall not reserve the name.

(4) Where- (a) a name is reserved under this section in respect of an intended company; and (b) the Commission registers the company by that name under section 35, the Commission shall register the name of the company in the Territory and, where the Commission so registers the name, the name ceases to be reserved under this section.

(5) Where a name has been reserved under this section in respect of an intended company and- (a) the name was not available for reservation in the Territory or in a State or Territory specified in the application for reservation as mentioned in paragraph (3) (b); or (b) the person who applied for the reservation of the name notifies the Commission in writing that he no longer desires the name to be reserved, the Commission shall cancel the reservation of the name.

(6) The reservation of a name under this section in respect of an intended company does not of itself entitle the intended company to be registered by that name.

(7) The registration of a name under this section remains in force until the registration is cancelled by the Commission.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 41. Reservation of name of intended recognized company

41. Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of an intended recognized company under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 40 (2); and (b) the application for the reservation of that name stated that it was desired to reserve the name in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve that name in the Territory and, where the name is so reserved, the reservation remains in force until that name ceases to be reserved, or until the reservation of that name is cancelled by the Commission, under the provision of the law of that State or Territory that corresponds with section 40.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 42. Registration of name of recognized company

42. Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of an intended recognized company under section 41; and (b) the name is registered in respect of that recognized company under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 40 (4), the Commission shall register that name in the Territory and, where the name
Back to Top

is so registered, the registration remains in force until it is cancelled by the Commission under this Division or until the registration of that name in the State or Territory referred to in paragraph (b) is cancelled under the law of that State or Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 43. Reservation and registration of proposed new name of company

43. (1) A company may apply in the prescribed form to the Commission for the reservation in the Territory of a name set out in the application as the name to which the company proposes to change its name.

(2) Subject to sub-section (3), if- (a) the Commission is satisfied that an application made under sub-section (1) for the reservation of a name is made in good faith; and (b) the name is available for reservation in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve the name for a period of 2 months from the date of lodgment of the application, and, where the Commission so reserves the name, the name shall be deemed to have been reserved from that date.

(3) Where- (a) an application is made under sub-section (1) for the reservation of a name; (b) the application states that the present name of the company is registered in a participating State or participating Territory; and (c) the name in respect of which the application is made is not available for reservation in that State or Territory, the Commission shall not reserve the name.

(4) Where- (a) a name is reserved under this section in respect of a company; and (b) the company changes its name to that reserved name (in this sub-section referred to as the ''new name'') under section 65, the Commission shall register the new name of the company in the Territory and, where the Commission so registers the new name- (c) the new name ceases to be reserved under this section; and (d) the Commission shall cancel the registration under this Division of the name by which the company was registered before it changed its name to the new name.

(5) Where a name has been reserved under sub-section (2) in respect of a company and- (a) the name was not available for reservation in the Territory or in a State or Territory specified in the application for reservation as mentioned in paragraph (3) (b); or (b) the company notifies the Commission in writing that it no longer desires the name to be reserved, the Commission shall cancel the reservation of the name.

(6) The reservation of a name under this section in respect of a company does not of itself entitle the company to change its name to that name.

(7) The registration of a name under this section remains in force until the registration is cancelled by the Commission.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 44. Reservation of proposed new name of recognized company

44. Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of a recognized company under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 43 (2); and (b) the application for the reservation of that name states that the present name of the recognized company is registered in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve the name referred to in paragraph (a) in the Territory and, where the name is so reserved, the reservation remains in force until the name ceases to be reserved, or until the reservation of the name is cancelled by the Commission, under the provision of the law of that State or Territory that corresponds with section 43.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 45. Registration of new name of recognized company

45. Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of a recognized company under
Back to Top

section 44; and (b) the name is registered in respect of that recognized company under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 43 (4), the Commission shall register that name in the Territory and, where the name is so registered, the registration remains in force until it is cancelled by the Commission under this Division or until the registration of that name in the State or Territory referred to in paragraph (b) is cancelled under the law of that State or Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 46. Reservation and registration of name of intended foreign company or foreign company

46. (1) A person may apply in the prescribed form to the Commission for the reservation in the Territory of a name set out in the application as the name of an intended foreign company that is proposed to be registered as a foreign company under Division 5 of Part XIII.

(2) A foreign company that proposes to become registered in the Territory under Division 5 of Part XIII may apply in the prescribed form to the Commission for the reservation in the Territory of a name set out in the application as the name by which the foreign company proposes to become so registered.

(3) Subject to sub-section (4), if- (a) the Commission is satisfied that an application made under sub-section (1) or (2) for the reservation of a name is made in good faith; and (b) the name is available for reservation in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve the name for a period of 2 months from the date of lodgment of the application, and, where the Commission so reserves the name, the name shall be deemed to have been reserved from that date.

(4) Where- (a) an application is made under sub-section (1) or (2) for the reservation of a name in respect of an intended foreign company that is to be formed, or a foreign company that was formed, outside Australia and the external Territories; (b) the application states that it is desired to reserve that name in a participating State or participating Territory; and (c) the name is not available for reservation in that State or Territory, the Commission shall not reserve the name.

(5) Where- (a) a name is reserved under this section in respect of an intended foreign company or a foreign company; and (b) the intended foreign company is formed and is registered, or the foreign company is registered, by that name as a foreign company under Division 5 of Part XIII, the Commission shall register the name of the foreign company in the Territory and, where the Commission so registers the name, the name ceases to be reserved under this section.

(6) Where a name has been reserved under this section in respect of an intended foreign company or a foreign company and- (a) the name was not available for reservation in the Territory or in a State or Territory specified in the application for reservation as mentioned in paragraph (4) (b); or (b) the person who applied for the reservation of the name or the foreign company notifies the Commission in writing that he or it, as the case may be, no longer desires the name to be reserved, the Commission shall cancel the reservation of the name.

(7) The reservation of a name under this section in respect of an intended foreign company or a foreign company does not of itself entitle the intended foreign company or the foreign company to be registered by that name under Division 5 of Part XIII.

(8) The registration of a name under this section remains in force until the registration is cancelled by the Commission.

(9) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph 38 (1) (a), a name shall not be taken, for the purposes of this section, not to be available for reservation in the Territory or in a State or another Territory by reason only that the name is already reserved or registered under this Division or under the provisions of a law of the State or Territory that correspond with this Division, as the case may be, in respect of the foreign company that has applied for the reservation of the name under this section.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 47.
Back to Top

Reservation of name of intended recognized foreign company or recognized foreign company

47. Where- (a) a name has been reserved under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 46 (3) in respect of an intended foreign company that is to be formed, or a foreign company that was formed, outside Australia and the external Territories; and (b) the application for the reservation of that name stated that it was desired to reserve the name in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve that name in the Territory and, where a name is so reserved, the reservation remains in force until that name ceases to be reserved, or until the reservation of that name is cancelled by the Commission, under the provision of the law of that State or Territory that corresponds with section 46.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 48. Registration of name of recognized foreign company

48. Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of an intended foreign company or a foreign company under section 47; and (b) the name is registered in respect of that foreign company under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 46 (5), the Commission shall register that name in the Territory and, where the name is so registered, the registration remains in force until it is cancelled by the Commission under this Division or until the registration of that name in the State or Territory referred to in paragraph (b) is cancelled under the law of that State or Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 49. Reservation and registration of proposed new name of registered foreign company

49. (1) A registered foreign company may apply in the prescribed form to the Commission for the reservation in the Territory of a name set out in the application as the name to which the registered foreign company has changed its name or to which the registered foreign company proposes to change its name.

(2) Subject to sub-section (3) if- (a) the Commission is satisfied that an application made under sub-section (1) for the reservation of a name is made in good faith; and (b) the name is available for reservation in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve the name for a period of 2 months from the date of lodgment of the application, and, where the Commission so reserves the name, the name shall be deemed to have been reserved from that date.

(3) Where- (a) an application for the reservation of a name is made under sub-section (1) in respect of a foreign company formed outside Australia and the external Territories; (b) the application states- (i) where the foreign company has already changed its name to the name in respect of which the application is made-that the former name of the foreign company is registered in a participating State or participating Territory; or (ii) where the foreign company proposes to change its name to the name in respect of which the application is made-that the present name of the foreign company is registered in a participating State or participating Territory; and (c) the name in respect of which the application is made is not available for reservation in that State or Territory, the Commission shall not reserve the name.

(4) Where- (a) a name is reserved under this section in respect of a registered foreign company; and (b) whether before or after the name is reserved under this section, the registered foreign company changed or changes its name to that reserved name (in this sub-section referred to as the ''new name''),

Back to Top

the Commission shall register the new name of the registered foreign company in the Territory and, where the Commission so registers the new name- (c) the new name ceases to be reserved under this section; and (d) the Commission shall cancel the registration under this Division of the name by which the registered foreign company was registered before it changed its name to the new name.

(5) Where a name has been reserved under this section in respect of a registered foreign company and- (a) the name was not available for reservation in the Territory or in a State or Territory specified in the application for reservation as mentioned in paragraph (3) (b); or (b) the registered foreign company notifies the Commission in writing that it no longer desires the name to be reserved, the Commission shall cancel the reservation of the name.

(6) The registration of a name under this section remains in force until the registration is cancelled by the Commission.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 50. Reservation of proposed new name of recognized foreign company

50. Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of a recognized foreign company under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 49 (2); and (b) the application for the reservation of that name states that the present name of the recognized foreign company is registered in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve the name referred to in paragraph (a) in the Territory and, where the name is so reserved, the reservation remains in force until the name ceases to be reserved, or until the reservation of the name is cancelled by the Commission, under the provisions of the law of that State or Territory that corresponds with section 49.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 51. Registration of new name of recognized foreign company

51. Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of a recognized foreign company under section 50; and (b) the name is registered in respect of that recognized foreign company under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 49 (4), the Commission shall register that name in the Territory and, where the name is so registered, the registration remains in force until it is cancelled by the Commission under this Division or until the registration of that name in the State or Territory referred to in paragraph (b) is cancelled under the law of that State or Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 52. Reservation and registration of name of recognized company proposing to transfer incorporation to the Territory

52. (1) A recognized company that proposes to transfer its incorporation to the Territory may apply in the prescribed form to the Commission for the reservation in the Territory of a name set out in the application as the name by which the recognized company intends to register upon transfer of its incorporation pursuant to Division 4.

(2) Subject to sub-section (3), if- (a) the Commission is satisfied that an application made under sub-section (1) for the reservation of a name is made in good faith; and (b) the name is available for reservation in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve the name for a period of 2 months from the date of lodgment of the application, and, where the Commission so reserves the name, the name shall be deemed to have been reserved from that date.

(3) Where- (a) an application is made under sub-section (1) for the reservation of a name; (b) the application states that the name of the recognized company is registered in a participating State or participating Territory; and (c) the name in respect of which the application is made is not available

Back to Top

for reservation in that State or Territory, the Commission shall not reserve the name.

(4) Where- (a) a name is reserved under this section in respect of a recognized company; and (b) the recognized company is registered by that name as a company pursuant to Division 4, the Commission shall register the name of the company in the Territory and, where the Commission so registers the name- (c) the name ceases to be reserved under this section; and (d) if a registration of that name in respect of that recognized company is in force under any other provision of this Division, the Commission shall cancel that last-mentioned registration.

(5) Where a name has been reserved under sub-section (2) in respect of a recognized company and- (a) the name was not available for reservation in the Territory or in a State or Territory specified in the application for reservation as mentioned in paragraph (3) (b); or (b) the recognized company notifies the Commission in writing that it no longer desires the name to be reserved, the Commission shall cancel the reservation of the name.

(6) The reservation of a name under this section in respect of a recognized company does not of itself entitle the recognized company to be registered pursuant to Division 4 by that name.

(7) The registration of a name under this section remains in force until the registration is cancelled by the Commission.

(8) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph 38 (1) (a), a name shall not be taken, for the purposes of this section, not to be available for reservation in the Territory or in a State or another Territory by reason only that the name is already reserved or registered under this Division or under the provisions of a law of the State or Territory that correspond with this Division, as the case may be, in respect of the recognized company that has applied for the reservation of the name under this section.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 53. Reservation of name of company or recognized company proposing to transfer incorporation to participating State or Territory

53. (1) Where a name has been reserved in respect of a company under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 52 (2), the Commission shall reserve that name in the Territory.

(2) Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of a recognized company under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 52 (2); and (b) the application for the reservation of that name states that the name of the recognized company is registered in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve the name in respect of which the application is made in the Territory and, where the name is so reserved, the reservation remains in force until the name ceases to be reserved, or until the reservation of the name is cancelled by the Commission, under the provision of the law of that State or Territory that corresponds with section 52.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 54. Registration of name of recognized company after transfer of incorporation to participating State or Territory

54. Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of a company or a recognized company under section 53; and (b) the name is registered under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 52 (4), the Commission shall register that name in the Territory and, where the Commission so registers the name- (c) the registration remains in force until it is cancelled by the Commission under this Division or until the registration of that name in the State or Territory referred to in paragraph (b) is cancelled under the law of that State or Territory; and (d) if a registration of that name in respect of that company or that
Back to Top

recognized company is in force under any other provision of this Division, the Commission shall cancel that last-mentioned registration.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 55. Reservation and registration of name of foreign company proposing to transfer incorporation to the Territory

55. (1) A foreign company that proposes to transfer its incorporation to the Territory may apply in the prescribed form to the Commission for the reservation in the Territory of a name set out in the application as the name by which the foreign company intends to be registered upon transfer of its incorporation pursuant to Division 4.

(2) Subject to sub-section (3), if- (a) the Commission is satisfied that an application made under sub-section (1) for the reservation of a name is made in good faith; and (b) the name is available for reservation in the Territory, the Commission shall reserve the name for a period of 2 months from the date of lodgment of the application, and, where the Commission so reserves the name, the name shall be deemed to have been reserved from that date.

(3) Where- (a) an application is made under sub-section (1) for the reservation of a name; (b) the application states that the name of the foreign company is registered in a participating State or participating Territory; and (c) the name in respect of which the application is made is not available for reservation in that State or Territory, the Commission shall not reserve the name.

(4) Where- (a) a name is reserved under this section in respect of a foreign company; and (b) the foreign company is registered by that name as a company pursuant to Division 4, the Commission shall register the name of the company in the Territory and, where the Commission so registers the name- (c) the name ceases to be reserved under this section; and (d) if a registration of that name in respect of that foreign company is in force under any other provision of this Division, the Commission shall cancel that last-mentioned registration.

(5) Where a name has been reserved under sub-section (2) in respect of a foreign company and- (a) the name was not available for reservation in the Territory or in a State or Territory specified in the application for reservation as mentioned in paragraph (3) (b); or (b) the foreign company notifies the Commission in writing that it no longer desires the name to be reserved, the Commission shall cancel the reservation of the name.

(6) The reservation of a name under this section in respect of a foreign company does not of itself entitle the foreign company to be registered pursuant to Division 4 by that name.

(7) The registration of a name under this section remains in force until the registration is cancelled by the Commission.

(8) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph 38 (1) (a), a name shall not be taken, for the purposes of this section, not to be available for reservation in the Territory or in a State or another Territory by reason only that the name is already reserved or registered under this Division or under the provisions of a law of the State or Territory that correspond with this Division, as the case may be, in respect of the foreign company that has applied for the reservation of the name under this section.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 56. Reservation of name of foreign company proposing to transfer incorporation to participating State or Territory

56. Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of a foreign company under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 55 (2); and (b) the application for the reservation of that name states that the name of the foreign company is registered in the Territory,
Back to Top

the Commission shall reserve the name in respect of which the application was made in the Territory and, where the name is so reserved, the reservation remains in force until that name ceases to be reserved, or until the reservation of that name is cancelled by the Commission, under the provision of the law of that State or Territory that corresponds with section 55.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 57. Registration of name of foreign company that has become a recognized company after transfer of incorporation to participating State or Territory

57. Where- (a) a name has been reserved in respect of a foreign company under section 56; and (b) the name is registered under the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 55 (4), the Commission shall register that name in the Territory and, where the Commission so registers the name- (c) the registration remains in force until it is cancelled by the Commission under this Division or until the registration of that name in the State or Territory referred to in paragraph (b) is cancelled under the law of that State or Territory; and (d) if a registration of that name in respect of that foreign company is in force under any other provision of this Division, the Commission shall cancel that last-mentioned registration.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 58. Extension of reservation

58. Where- (a) at any time during a period for which a name is reserved under this Division (whether or not pursuant to the exercise on a previous occasion or previous occasions of a power under this section) an application is made to the Commission for an extension of that period; and (b) the Commission is satisfied that the application is made in good faith, the Commission may extend that period for a further period of 2 months.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 59. Notification that registration of name desired in a State or another Territory

59. Where a name is registered under this Division in respect of a company or a registered foreign company (being a foreign company formed outside Australia and the external Territories), the company or the registered foreign company may notify the Commission in writing that it desires the name to be registered in a State or another Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 60. Registration of name of recognized company or recognized foreign company in the Territory

60. Where- (a) the Commission is notified by a recognized company or a recognized foreign company in accordance with the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with section 59 that it desires its name to be registered in the Territory; and (b) the name is available for reservation in the Territory, the Commission shall register that name in the Territory and, where the name is so registered, the registration remains in force until it is cancelled by the Commission under this Division or until the registration of that name in the State or Territory referred to in paragraph (a) is cancelled under the law of that State or Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 61. Notification that registration of name no longer desired in a participating State or Territory

61. (1) Where- (a) a name has been registered under this Division in respect of a company; and (b) that name has been registered in respect of that company under the provisions of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that correspond with this Division, the company may notify the Commission in writing that it no longer desires the name to be registered in that State or Territory.
Back to Top

(2) Where- (a) a name has been registered under this Division in respect of a registered foreign company; and (b) that name has been registered in respect of that registered foreign company under the provisions of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that correspond with this Division, the registered foreign company may notify the Commission in writing that it no longer desires the name to be registered in that State or Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 62. Cancellation of registration where registration in the Territory no longer desired

62. (1) Where- (a) a name has been registered in respect of a recognized company under this Division; and (b) the Commission is notified by the recognized company, in accordance with the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 61 (1), that the recognized company no longer desires the name to be registered in the Territory, the Commission shall cancel the registration of the name in the Territory.

(2) Where- (a) a name has been registered in respect of a recognized foreign company under this Division; and (b) the Commission is notified in accordance with the provision of a law of a participating State or participating Territory that corresponds with sub-section 61 (2), that the recognized foreign company no longer desires the name to be registered in the Territory, the Commission shall cancel the registration of the name in the Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 63. Cancellation of registration where company or foreign company dissolved or foreign company ceases to be registered

63. (1) Where a name has been registered under this Division in respect of a company and the company is dissolved, the Commission shall cancel the registration of that name.

(2) Where a name has been registered under this Division in respect of a registered foreign company and the registered foreign company is dissolved, the Commission shall cancel the registration of that name.

(3) Where a name has been registered under this Division in respect of a registered foreign company and the registered foreign company ceases to be registered under Division 5 of Part XIII, the Commission shall cancel the registration of that name.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 64. Cancellation of registration where name registered by mistake

64. Where- (a) a name has been registered under this Division in respect of a recognized company or a recognized foreign company; and (b) at the time when the name was reserved under this Division or, if the name was registered under section 60, at the time when the name was so registered, the name was not available for reservation in the Territory, the Commission may cancel the registration of the name in the Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 65. Change of name

65. (1) A company may, by special resolution and with the approval of the Commission, change its name.

(2) The Commission shall not approve a change of name of a company under sub-section (1) unless the proposed new name is reserved in respect of the company under section 43.

(3) If the name of a company is (whether through inadvertence or otherwise and whether originally or by change of name) a name that is not available for reservation in the Territory, the company may, by special resolution, change its name to a name that is reserved in respect of that company under section 43 and, if the Commission so directs, shall so change it within 6 weeks after the date of direction or such longer period as the Commission allows, unless the Ministerial Council, by instrument in writing, annuls the direction, and if the company fails to comply with the direction it is guilty of an offence.

(4) Where the name of a company incorporated before the commencement of the Companies Ordinance 1962 pursuant to any corresponding previous law of the Territory has not been changed since the commencement of that Ordinance, the Commission shall not, except with the approval of the Ministerial Council,

Back to Top

exercise its power under sub-section (3) to direct the company to change its name.

(5) A change of name of a company pursuant to this Act does not operate- (a) to create a new legal entity; (b) to prejudice or affect the identity of the body corporate constituted by the company or its continuity as a body corporate; (c) to affect the property, or the rights or obligations, of the company; or (d) to render defective any legal proceedings by or against the company, and any legal proceedings that could have been continued or commenced by or against the company by its former name may be continued or commenced by or against it by its new name.

(6) Notwithstanding anything in paragraph 38 (1) (a), a name of a company shall not be taken, for the purposes of sub-section (3), not to be available for reservation in the Territory by reason only that the name is registered under this Division in respect of that company.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 66. Omission of ''Limited'' in names of charitable and other companies

66. (1) Where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Commission that a proposed limited company- (a) is being formed for the purpose of providing recreation or amusement or promoting commerce, industry, art, science, religion, charity, patriotism, pension or superannuation schemes or any other object useful to the community; (b) will apply its profits (if any) or other income in promoting its objects; and (c) will prohibit the payment of any dividend to its members, the Commission may (after requiring, if it thinks fit, the proposal to be advertised in such manner as it directs either generally or in a particular case), by licence, authorize the proposed company to be registered as a company with limited liability without the addition of the word ''Limited'' to its name, and the company may be registered accordingly.

(2) Where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Commission- (a) that the objects of a limited company are restricted to those specified in sub-section (1) and to objects incidental or conducive to those so specified; and (b) that by its memorandum or articles the company is required to apply its profits (if any) or other income in promoting its objects and is prohibited from paying any dividend to its members, the Commission may, by licence, authorize the company to change its name to a name that does not contain the word ''Limited'', being a name approved by the Commission.

(3) A licence under this section may be issued on such conditions as the Commission thinks fit, and any conditions on which a licence is so issued are binding on the company and shall, if the Commission so directs, be inserted in the memorandum or articles of the company and the memorandum or articles may, by special resolution, be altered to give effect to any such direction.

(4) A company in respect of which a licence under this section is in force is exempt from complying with the provisions of this Act relating to the use of the word ''Limited'' as part of its name.

(5) The Commission may, in a licence issued to a company under this section or by notice in writing served on a company in respect of which a licence under this section is in force, exempt the company from complying with such of the provisions of this Act as are specified in the licence or notice relating to the lodging of annual returns and of returns of particulars of directors, principal executive officers and secretaries.

(6) Where- (a) at the commencement of this Act, a licence issued in respect of a company under a provision of a previous law of the Territory that corresponds with this section continues in force by reason of sub-section 12 (3) of the Companies (Transitional Provisions) Act 1980; and (b) on 29 June 1973, the company was exempt from the provisions of the Companies Ordinance 1962 relating to the lodging of annual returns and of returns of particulars of directors, managers and secretaries, the company shall, unless and until the exemption is revoked under sub-section (7) or the licence is revoked under sub-section (8), be exempt from the corresponding provisions of this Act.

(7) The Commission may, by notice in writing served on a company, revoke any

Back to Top

exemption held by the company from the provisions of this Act relating to the lodging of annual returns and of returns of particulars of directors, principal executive officers and secretaries.

(8) Subject to sub-section (9), a licence under this section may at any time be revoked by the Commission and, where a licence is so revoked- (a) the name of the company shall be deemed to be altered by the addition of the word ''Limited'' at the end of the name; and (b) the company ceases to enjoy the exemptions and privileges granted, by reason of the licence, by or under this Act.

(9) Before a licence is revoked, the Commission shall give to the company notice in writing of the intention of the Commission to revoke the licence and shall afford the company an opportunity to appear at a hearing before the Commission and make submissions and give evidence to the Commission in relation to the matter.

(10) Where a licence issued under this section is revoked, a provision of the memorandum of the company that was inserted in compliance with a condition on which the licence was issued may be altered in the same manner as a provision of that memorandum with respect to the objects of the company may be altered, and section 73 applies to a proposal for such an alteration accordingly.

(11) Where a licence under this section is in force in respect of a company, an alteration of the memorandum or articles of the company, not being an alteration consisting solely of a change of the name of the company, does not have any effect unless- (a) a statement setting out the text of the alteration or proposed alteration has been lodged with the Commission and the alteration or proposed alteration has been approved by the Commission; and (b) the alteration is made in accordance with the articles of the company and the provisions of this Act.

(12) Where an alteration or proposed alteration of the memorandum or articles of a company, not being an alteration consisting solely of a change of the name of the company, is approved as mentioned in paragraph (11) (a) and the alteration is made as mentioned in paragraph (11) (b), the alteration has effect notwithstanding a failure to obtain any consent or approval required to be obtained by virtue of a provision contained in the licence referred to in sub-section (11) or a provision inserted in the memorandum or articles of the company for the purposes of sub-section (3) or the corresponding provision of a previous law of the Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 67. Powers

Division 3-Powers and Status 67. The powers of a company include- (a) power to make donations for patriotic or for charitable purposes; (b) power to transact any lawful business in aid of the Commonwealth in the prosecution of any war in which the Commonwealth is engaged; and (c) unless expressly excluded or modified by the memorandum or articles, the powers set out in Schedule 2.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 68. Ultra vires transactions

68. (1) No act of a company (including the entering into of an agreement by the company), and no conveyance or transfer of property to or by a company, is invalid by reason only of the fact that the company was without capacity or power to do the act or to execute or take the conveyance or transfer.

(2) Any such lack of capacity or power may be asserted or relied upon only in- (a) proceedings against the company by a member of the company or, where the company has issued debentures secured by a floating charge over all or any of the property of the company, by the holder of any of those debentures or the trustees for the holders of those debentures to restrain the doing of any act or acts or the conveyance or transfer of any property to or by the company; (b) proceedings by the company, or by a member of the company, against the present or former officers of the company; or (c) an application by the Commission to wind up the company.

(3) If the unauthorized act, conveyance or transfer sought to be restrained in any proceedings under paragraph (2) (a) is being, or is to be, performed or made pursuant to any contract to which the company is a party, the Court may, if all the parties to the contract are parties to the proceedings and if the

Back to Top

Court deems it to be just and equitable, set aside and restrain the performance of the contract and may allow to the company or to the other parties to the contract (as the case requires) compensation for the loss or damage sustained by either of them that may result from the action of the Court in setting aside and restraining the performance of the contract, but anticipated profits to be derived from the performance of the contract shall not be awarded by the Court as a loss or damage sustained.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 69. Change of status

69. (1) Subject to this section- (a) an unlimited company may convert to a limited company if it was not, within the previous 3 years, a limited company that became an unlimited company pursuant to paragraph (e) or any corresponding provision of a previous law of the Territory; (b) a no liability company all the issued shares in which are fully paid up may convert to a company limited by shares; (c) a company limited by shares may convert to a company limited both by shares and by guarantee; (d) a company limited by guarantee may convert to a company limited both by shares and by guarantee; and (e) a limited company may convert to an unlimited company.

(2) Where a company applies in writing to the Commission for a change of status as provided by sub-section (1) and, subject to sub-sections 73 (11), (12) and (13) as applied by sub-section (7) of this section, lodges with the application the prescribed documents relating to the application, the Commission shall issue to the company a certificate of incorporation- (a) appropriate to the change of status applied for; and (b) specifying, in addition to the particulars prescribed in respect of a certificate of incorporation of a company of that status, that the certificate is issued pursuant to this section, and, upon the issue of such a certificate of incorporation, the company is a company having the status specified in the certificate.

(3) Where the status of a company is changed pursuant to this section, notice of the change of status shall be published by the company in such manner (if any) as the Commission directs.

(4) In sub-section (2), ''prescribed documents'', in relation to an application referred to in that sub-section, means- (a) a printed copy of a special resolution of the company- (i) resolving to change the status of the company and specifying the status sought; (ii) making such alterations to the memorandum of the company as are necessary to bring the memorandum into conformity with the requirements of this Act relating to the memorandum of a company of the status sought; (iii) in the case of a company that has registered articles-making such alterations and additions (if any) to the articles as are necessary to bring the articles into conformity with the requirements of this Act relating to the articles of a company of the status sought; (iv) in the case of a company that has no registered articles-adopting such articles (if any) as are required by this Act to be registered in respect of a company of the status sought or are proposed by the company as the registered articles of the company upon the change in its status; and (v) changing the name of the company to a name by which it could be registered if it were a company of the status sought; (b) where, by a special resolution referred to in paragraph (a), the memorandum of the company is altered or the articles of the company are altered or added to, or articles are adopted by the company-a printed copy of the memorandum as altered, the articles as altered or added to, or the articles adopted, as the case may be; and (c) in the case of an application by a limited company to convert to an unlimited company- (i) the prescribed form of assent to the application subscribed by or on behalf of all the members of the company; and

Back to Top

(ii) a statement in writing by a director or secretary of the company verifying that the persons by whom or on whose behalf such a form of assent is subscribed constitute the whole membership of the company and, if a member has not subscribed the form himself, that the director or secretary making the statement has taken all reasonable steps to satisfy himself that each person who subscribed the form was lawfully empowered so to do.

(5) The provisions of sub-sections 72 (2) to (10), inclusive, do not apply to or in relation to an application under this section or to any prescribed documents in relation to the application.

(6) A special resolution passed for the purposes of an application under this section takes effect only upon the issue under this section of a certificate of incorporation of the company to which the resolution relates.

(7) With such modifications as are necessary, sub-sections 73 (6) to (13), inclusive, apply to and in respect of the proposal, passing and lodging, and the cancellation or confirmation by the Court, of a special resolution relating to a change of status as if it were a special resolution under section 73.

(8) A change in the status of a company pursuant to this section does not operate- (a) to create a new legal entity; (b) to prejudice or affect the identity of the body corporate constituted by the company or its continuity as a body corporate; (c) to affect the property, or the rights or obligations, of the company; or (d) to render defective any legal proceedings by or against the company, and any legal proceedings that could have been continued or commenced by or against the company before the change in its status may, notwithstanding the change in its status, be continued or commenced by or against it after the change in its status.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 70. Change from public to proprietary company or from proprietary to public company

70. (1) A public company having a share capital (other than a no liability company) may convert to a proprietary company by lodging with the Commission a copy of a special resolution- (a) determining to convert to a proprietary company and specifying an appropriate alteration to its name; and (b) altering the provisions of its memorandum or articles so far as is necessary to impose the restrictions, limitations and prohibitions referred to in sub-section 34 (1).

(2) A proprietary company may, subject to anything contained in its memorandum or articles, convert to a public company by lodging with the Commission a copy of a special resolution determining to convert to a public company and specifying an appropriate alteration to its name, and thereupon the restrictions, limitations and prohibitions referred to in sub-section 34 (1) as included in or deemed to be included in the memorandum or articles of the company cease to form part of the memorandum or articles.

(3) On compliance by a company with the provisions of sub-section (1) or (2) and on the issue of a certificate of incorporation of the company altered accordingly, the company is a proprietary company or a public company, as the case requires.

(4) With such modifications as are necessary, sub-sections 73 (6) to (13), inclusive, apply in respect of the proposal, passing and lodging, and the cancellation or confirmation by the Court, of a special resolution relating to the conversion of a company pursuant to sub-section (1) or (2) of this section as if it were a special resolution under section 73.

(5) A conversion of a company pursuant to sub-section (1) or (2) does not operate- (a) to create a new legal entity; (b) to prejudice or affect the identity of the body corporate constituted by the company or its continuity as a body corporate; (c) to affect the property, or the rights or obligations, of the company; or (d) to render defective any legal proceedings by or against the company, and any legal proceedings that could have been continued or commenced by or against the company before the conversion may, notwithstanding the conversion, be continued or commenced by or against it after the conversion.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 71. Default in complying with requirements as to proprietary companies
Back to Top

71. (1) Where, on the application of the Commission with respect to a proprietary company or of any member or creditor of a proprietary company, the Court is satisfied that default has been made in relation to the company in complying with a prohibition of a kind specified in paragraph 34 (1) (c) or (d) that is included, or is deemed to be included, in the memorandum or articles of the company, the Court may, by order, determine that, on such date as the Court specifies in its order, the company ceased to be a proprietary company.

(2) Where- (a) default has been made in relation to a proprietary company in complying with a limitation of a kind specified in paragraph 34 (1) (b) that is included, or is deemed to be included, in the memorandum or articles of the company; (b) a proprietary company has been convicted of an offence under sub-section (7) of this section; (c) the memorandum or articles of a proprietary company have been so altered that they no longer include restrictions, limitations or prohibitions of the kinds specified in sub-section 34 (1); or (d) a proprietary company has ceased to have a share capital, the Commission may, by notice in writing served on the company, determine that, on such date as is specified in the notice, the company ceased to be a proprietary company.

(3) Where, under this section, the Court or the Commission determines that a company has ceased to be a proprietary company- (a) the company is a public company and shall be deemed to have been a public company on and from the date specified in the order or notice; (b) the company shall, on the date so specified, be deemed to have changed its name by the omission from the name of the word ''Proprietary'' or the abbreviation ''Pty.'', as the case requires; and (c) where an order has been made under sub-section (1)-the company shall, within a period of 14 days after the date of the order, lodge with the Commission an office copy of the order.

(4) Where the Court is satisfied that a default or alteration referred to in sub-section (1) or (2) has occurred but that it was accidental or due to inadvertence or to some other sufficient cause or that on other grounds it is just and equitable to grant relief, the Court may, on such terms and conditions as to the Court seem just and expedient, determine that the company has not ceased to be a proprietary company.

(5) A company that, by virtue of a determination made under this section, has become a public company shall not convert to a proprietary company without the leave of the Court.

(6) If a company fails to comply with paragraph (3) (c), the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

(7) Where any subscription for shares in or debentures of, or any deposit of money with, a proprietary company is arranged by or through a solicitor, broker, agent or any other person (whether an officer of the company or not) who invites the public to make use of his services in arranging investments or holds himself out to the public as being in a position to arrange investments, the company and any person, including any officer of the company, who is a party to the arrangement are each guilty of an offence. Penalty: $1,000 or imprisonment for 3 months, or both.

(8) Where default is made in relation to a proprietary company in complying with any restriction, limitation or prohibition of a kind specified in sub-section 34 (1) that is included, or deemed to be included, in the memorandum or articles of the company, the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence. Penalty: $1,000 or imprisonment for 3 months or both.

(9) An act or transaction is not invalid by reason of the commission of an offence against sub-section (7) or (8).

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 72. General provisions as to alteration of memorandum

72. (1) The memorandum of a company may be altered to the extent and in the manner provided by this Act but not otherwise.

(2) Subject to any other provision of this Act requiring the lodging with the Commission of any resolution of a company, any order of the Court, or any other document, affecting the memorandum of a company, the company shall, within 14 days after the passing of any such resolution, the making of any such order or the execution of any such document, lodge with the Commission a copy of the resolution, an office copy of the order or a copy of the document,

Back to Top

as the case may be.

(3) Where an alteration or alterations in the memorandum of a company has or have been made (whether before or after the commencement of this Act), the company shall, on being required by the Commission to do so, lodge with the Commission a printed copy of the memorandum as altered by the alteration or alterations

(4) If a company contravenes or fails to comply with sub-section (2) or (3), the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

(5) The Commission shall register every resolution, order or other document lodged with it under this Act that affects the memorandum of a company, and, except in the case of a resolution under section 121, the alteration of the memorandum to which the resolution, order or other document relates shall take effect on, and not before, the registration of the resolution, order or other document.

(6) Where a resolution, order or other document has been registered by the Commission under sub-section (5)- (a) in the case of an order-the Commission shall certify the registration of the order; and (b) in the case of a resolution or other document-the Commission shall, if so requested by the company, certify the registration of the resolution or document.

(7) A certificate of the Commission as to the registration of an order is conclusive evidence that all the requirements of this Act with respect to the alteration to which the order relates and any confirmation of that alteration have been complied with.

(8) Notice of the registration shall be published in such manner (if any) as the Court or the Commission directs.

(9) The Commission shall, where appropriate, issue a certificate of incorporation in accordance with the alteration made to the memorandum.

(10) The Commission shall keep a copy of a certificate issued under sub-section (9), and sub-sections 31 (2) and (5) apply to that copy as if it were a document lodged with the Commission.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 73. Alterations of provisions of memorandum

73. (1) Subject to this section, a company may, by special resolution, alter the provisions of its memorandum with respect to the objects or powers of the company.

(2) Subject to this section, sub-section 78 (3) and section 320, if a provision of the memorandum of a company could lawfully have been contained in the articles of the company, the company may, unless the memorandum prohibits the alterations of that provision, alter that provision by special resolution.

(3) The memorandum of a company may provide that a special resolution altering or adding to a provision contained in the memorandum, being a provision that could lawfully have been contained in the articles of the company, does not have any effect unless and until a further requirement specified in the memorandum has been complied with.

(4) Without limiting the generality of sub-section (3), the further requirement referred to in that sub-section may be a requirement- (a) that the relevant special resolution be passed by a majority consisting of a greater number of members than is required to constitute the resolution as a special resolution; (b) that the consent or approval of a particular person be obtained; or (c) that a particular condition be fulfilled.

(5) Nothing in sub-section (2) permits the alteration of a provision of the memorandum of a company that relates to rights to which only members included in a particular class of members are entitled.

(6) Notice of a general meeting specifying the intention to propose, as a special resolution, a resolution for the alteration of the provisions of the memorandum of a company with respect to the objects or powers of the company shall be given- (a) to all members; (b) to all trustees for debenture holders; and (c) if there are no trustees for, or for a particular class of, debenture holders-to all debenture holders, or all debenture holders of that class, as the case may be, whose names are, at the time of the posting of the notice, known to the company.

(7) The Court may, in the case of any person or class of persons, for such reasons as seem sufficient to the Court, dispense with the notice referred to in sub-section (6).

Back to Top

(8) If an application for the cancellation of an alteration is made to the Court in accordance with this section by- (a) in the case of an alteration of a provision or provisions of the memorandum with respect to the objects or powers of a company-the holders of not less than 10% in nominal value of the company's debentures; or (b) in the case of any alteration of a provision or provisions of the memorandum-the holders of not less, in the aggregate, than 10% in nominal value of the company's issued share capital or any class of that capital or, if the company is not limited by shares, not less than 10% of the company's members, the alteration does not have any effect except so far as it is confirmed by the Court.

(9) The application shall be made within 21 days after the date on which the resolution altering the provision or provisions of the memorandum of the company was passed, and may be made, on behalf of the persons entitled to make the application, by such one or more of their number as they appoint in writing for the purpose.

(10) On the application, the Court shall have regard to the rights and interests of the members of the company or of any class of them as well as to the rights and interests of the creditors and may do all or any of the following: (a) if the Court thinks fit, adjourn the proceedings in order that an arrangement may be made to the satisfaction of the Court for the purchase (otherwise than by the company or a subsidiary of the company) of the interests of dissentient members; (b) give such directions and make such orders as the Court thinks expedient for facilitating or carrying into effect any such arrangement; (c) make an order cancelling the alteration or confirming the alteration either wholly or in part and on such terms and conditions as the Court thinks fit.

(11) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, a copy of a resolution altering a provision or provisions of the memorandum of a company shall not be lodged with the Commission before the expiration of 21 days after the passing of the resolution or, if an application to the Court has been made, before the application has been determined by the Court, whichever is the later.

(12) If an application has not been made to the Court in accordance with this section, a copy of the resolution shall be lodged with the Commission by the company within 14 days after the expiration of the 21 days referred to in sub-section (11).

(13) If an application has been made to the Court in accordance with this section, a copy of the resolution, together with an office copy of the order of the Court, shall be lodged with the Commission by the company within 14 days after the application has been determined by the Court.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 74. Articles of association

74. (1) There may, in the case of a company limited by shares or a no liability company, and there shall, in the case of a company limited by guarantee or limited both by shares and by guarantee or an unlimited company, be registered with the memorandum, articles signed by the subscribers to the memorandum prescribing regulations for the company.

(2) Articles shall be- (a) printed; (b) divided into numbered paragraphs; and (c) signed by each subscriber to the memorandum in the presence of at least one witness (not being another subscriber).

(3) A witness to a signature to the articles of a subscriber to the memorandum shall attest the signature and add his address.

(4) A reference in sub-section (1) to the signing of the articles of a company shall, in the case of the signing by a person being a body corporate, be construed as including a reference to the affixing in accordance with the constituent documents of the body corporate of the common or official seal of the body corporate to the articles and, where a body corporate signs the articles by so affixing its common or official seal, sub-section (2) does not require a witness to the affixing of that seal.

(5) In the case of an unlimited company that has a share capital, the articles shall state the amount of share capital with which the company proposes to be registered and the division of that share capital into shares of a fixed amount.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 75. Adoption of Table A or B


Back to Top

75. (1) Articles may- (a) in the case of a company other than a no liability company-adopt all or any of the regulations contained in Table A; or (b) in the case of a no liability company-adopt all or any of the regulations contained in Table B.

(2) In the case of a company limited by shares incorporated after the commencement of this Act, if articles are not registered, or if articles are registered then in so far as the articles do not exclude or modify the regulations contained in Table A, those regulations shall, so far as applicable, be the articles of the company in the same manner and to the same extent as if they were contained in registered articles.

(3) In the case of a no liability company incorporated after the commencement of this Act, if articles are not registered, or if articles are registered then in so far as the articles do not exclude or modify the regulations contained in Table B, those regulations shall, so far as applicable, be the articles of the company in the same manner and to the same extent as if they were contained in registered articles.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 76. Alteration of articles

76. (1) Subject to this Act, a company may by special resolution alter or add to its articles.

(2) The memorandum of a company may provide that a special resolution altering or adding to the articles of the company does not have any effect unless and until a further requirement specified in the memorandum has been complied with.

(3) Without limiting the generality of sub-section (2), the further requirement referred to in that sub-section may be a requirement- (a) that the relevant special resolution be passed by a majority consisting of a greater number of members than is required to constitute the resolution as a special resolution; (b) that the consent or approval of a particular person be obtained; or (c) that a particular condition be fulfilled.

(4) Subject to this Act, an alteration or addition so made in the articles is, on and from the date of the special resolution or such later date as is specified in the resolution, as valid as if originally contained in the articles and is subject in like manner to alteration by special resolution.

(5) Subject to this section, a company has the power, and shall be deemed always to have had the power, to amend its articles- (a) in the case of a company other than a no liability company-by the adoption of all or any of the regulations contained in Table A; or (b) in the case of a no liability company-by the adoption of all or any of the regulations contained in Table B, by reference only to the regulations in the Table or to the numbers of particular regulations contained in the Table, without being required in the special resolution effecting the amendment to set out the text of the regulations so adopted.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 77. Memorandum and articles of companies limited by guarantee

77. (1) In the case of a company limited by guarantee and not having a share capital and registered on or after 1 October 1954, every provision in the memorandum or articles or in any resolution of the company purporting to give any person a right to participate in the divisible profits of the company otherwise than as a member is void.

(2) For the purposes of the provisions of this Act relating to the memorandum of a company limited by guarantee and of this section, every provision in the memorandum or articles or in any resolution of a company limited by guarantee and registered on or after 1 October 1954 purporting to divide the undertaking of the company into shares or interests shall be treated as a provision for a share capital notwithstanding that the nominal amount or number of the shares or interests is not specified by the memorandum or articles or the resolution, as the case may be.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 78. Effect of memorandum and articles

78. (1) Subject to this Act, the memorandum and articles, when registered, bind the company and the members of the company to the same extent as if they respectively had been signed and sealed by each member and contained covenants on the part of each member to observe all the provisions of the memorandum and of the articles.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act relating to no liability companies, all money payable by a member to the company under the memorandum

Back to Top

or articles is a debt due by him to the company, and is of the nature of a specialty debt.

(3) Notwithstanding anything in the memorandum or articles of a company, no member of the company, unless either before or after the alteration is made he agrees in writing to be bound by the alteration concerned, is bound by an alteration made in the memorandum or articles after the date on which he became a member so far as the alteration requires him to take or subscribe for more shares than the number held by him at the date on which the alteration is made or in any way increases his liability as at that date to contribute to the share capital of, or otherwise to pay money to, the company.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 79. Copies of memorandum and articles

79. (1) A company shall, on being so required by a member, send to him a copy of the memorandum and of the articles (if any) of the company, subject to payment of such amount (if any), not exceeding the prescribed amount, as the company requires.

(2) Where an alteration is made in the memorandum or articles of a company, a copy of the memorandum or articles shall not be issued by the company after the date of alteration unless- (a) the copy is in accordance with the memorandum or articles as altered by the alteration; or (b) a printed copy of the order or resolution making the alteration is annexed to the copy of the memorandum or articles and the particular clauses or articles affected are indicated in ink.

(3) Where an alteration or alterations in the articles of a company has or have been made (whether before or after the commencement of this Act), the company shall, on being required by the Commission to do so, lodge with the Commission a printed copy of the articles as altered by the alteration or alterations.

(4) Where an agreement a copy of which is required to be lodged with the Commission under section 251 affects the memorandum or articles of a company, a copy of the memorandum or articles shall not be issued, and a copy of the articles shall not be lodged with the Commission, by the company after the agreement is entered into, unless a copy of the agreement is annexed to the copy of the memorandum or articles.

(5) If a company contravenes or fails to comply with this section, the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 80. Confirmation of contracts and authentication and execution of documents

80. (1) In so far as the formalities of making, varying or discharging a contract are concerned, a person acting under the express or implied authority of a company may make, vary or discharge a contract in the name of or on behalf of the company in the same manner as if that contract were made, varied or discharged by a natural person.

(2) The making, variation or discharging of a contract in accordance with sub-section (1) is effectual in law and binds the company and other parties to the contract.

(3) A contract or other document executed, or purporting to have been executed, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, under the common seal of a company is not invalid by reason only that a person attesting the affixing of the common seal was in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in that contract or other document or in the matter to which that contract or other document relates.

(4) This section does not prevent a company from making, varying or discharging a contract under its common seal.

(5) This section does not apply to the making, variation or discharging of a contract before the commencement of this Act but shall apply whether the company gives its authority before or after the commencement of this Act.

(6) This section does not affect the operation of a law that requires some consent or sanction to be obtained, or some procedure to be complied with, in relation to the making, variation or discharge of a contract.

(7) A document or proceeding requiring authentication by a company may be authenticated by the signature of an officer of the company and need not be authenticated under the common seal of the company.

(8) A company may, by writing under its common seal, empower a person, either generally or in respect of a specified matter or specified matters, as its agent or attorney to execute deeds on its behalf, and a deed signed by such an agent or attorney on behalf of the company and under his seal or, subject to sub-sections (10) and (11), under the appropriate official seal of the company, binds the company and has the same effect as if it were under the common seal of the company.

(9) The authority of an agent or attorney empowered pursuant to sub-section (8), as between the company and a person dealing with him, continues during the period (if any) mentioned in the instrument conferring the authority or, if no period is so mentioned, until notice of the revocation or termination of

Back to Top

his authority has been given to the person dealing with him.

(10) A company the objects of which require or comprise the transaction of business outside the Territory may, if authorized by its articles, have for use outside the Territory in place of its common seal one or more official seals, each of which shall be a facsimile of the common seal of the company with the addition on its face of the name of every place where it is to be used.

(11) The person affixing such an official seal shall, in writing under his hand, certify on the instrument to which it is affixed the date on which and the place at which it is affixed.

(12) A document sealed with such an official seal shall be deemed to be sealed with the common seal of the company.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 81. Ratification of contracts made before formation of company

81. (1) In this section- (a) a reference to a non-existent company purporting to enter into a contract shall be construed as a reference to- (i) a person executing a contract in the name of a company, where no such company exists; or (ii) a person purporting to enter into a contract as agent or trustee for a proposed company; (b) a reference to a person who purports to execute a contract on behalf of a non-existent company shall be construed as a reference to a person who executes a contract or purports to enter into a contract as mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) (i) or (ii); (c) a reference, in relation to the purported entry into a contract by a non-existent company, to the formation of the company shall be construed as a reference to- (i) where a person has executed a contract in the name of a company and no such company exists-the formation of a company that, having regard to all the circumstances, is reasonably identifiable with the company in the name of which the person executed the contract; or (ii) where a person has purported to enter into a contract as agent or trustee for a proposed company-the formation of a company that, having regard to all the circumstances, is reasonably identifiable with the proposed company.

(2) Where- (a) a non-existent company purports to enter into a contract; and (b) the company is formed within a reasonable time after the contract is purported to be entered into, the company may, within a reasonable time after it is formed, ratify the contract.

(3) Where a company ratifies a contract as provided by sub-section (2), the company is bound by, and entitled to the benefit of, that contract as if the company had been formed before the contract was entered into and had been a party to that contract.

(4) Where a non-existent company purports to enter into a contract and- (a) the company is not formed within a reasonable time after the contract is purported to be entered into; or (b) the company is formed within such a reasonable time but does not ratify the contract within a reasonable time after the company is formed, the other party or each of the other parties to the contract may, subject to sub-sections (6) and (9), recover from the person or any one or more of the persons who purported to execute the contract on behalf of the non-existent company an amount of damages equivalent to the amount of damages for which that party could have obtained a judgment against the company if- (c) where the company has not been formed as mentioned in paragraph (a)-the company had been formed, and had ratified the contract as provided by sub-section (2); or (d) where the company has been formed as mentioned in paragraph (b)-the company had ratified the contract as provided by sub-section (2), and the contract had been discharged by reason of a breach of the contract constituted by the refusal or failure of the company to perform any obligations under the contract.

(5) Where- (a) proceedings are brought to recover damages under sub-section (4) in

Back to Top

relation to a contract purported to be entered into by a non-existent company; and (b) the company has been formed, the court in which the proceedings are brought may, if it thinks it just and equitable to do so, make either or both of the following orders: (c) an order directing the company to transfer or pay to any party to the contract who is named in the order, any property, or an amount not exceeding the value of any benefit, received by the company as a result of the contract; (d) an order that the company pay the whole or a specified portion of any damages that, in those proceedings, the defendant has been, or is, found liable to pay.

(6) Where, in proceedings to recover damages under sub-section (4) in relation to a contract purported to be entered into by a non-existent company, the court in which the proceedings are brought makes an order under paragraph (5) (c), the court may refuse to award any damages in the proceedings or may award an amount of damages that is less than the amount that the court would have awarded if the order had not been made.

(7) Where- (a) a non-existent company purports to enter into a contract; (b) the company is formed, and ratifies the contract as provided by sub-section (2); (c) the contract is discharged by a breach of the contract constituted by a refusal or failure of the company to perform all or any of its obligations under the contract; and (d) the other party or any one or more of the other parties to the contract brings or bring proceedings against the company for damages for breach of the contract, the court in which the proceedings are brought may, subject to sub-section (9), if it thinks it just and equitable to do so, order the person or any one or more of the persons who purported to execute the contract on behalf of the company to pay to the person or persons by whom the proceedings are brought the whole or a specified portion of any damages that the company has been, or is, found liable to pay to the person or persons by whom the proceedings are brought.

(8) Where a person purports, whether alone or together with another person or other persons, to execute a contract on behalf of a non-existent company, the other party to the contract, or any of the other parties to the contract, may, by writing signed by that party, consent to the first-mentioned person being exempted from any liability in relation to the contract.

(9) Where a person has, as provided by sub-section (8), consented to another person being exempted from liability in relation to a contract that the other person purported to execute on behalf of a non-existent company- (a) notwithstanding sub-section (4), that first-mentioned person is not entitled to recover damages from that other person in relation to that contract; and (b) a court shall not, in proceedings under sub-section (7), order that other person to pay to the first-mentioned person any damages, or any proportion of the damages, that the company has been, or may be, found liable to pay to that first-mentioned person.

(10) If- (a) a non-existent company purports to enter into a contract; (b) the company is formed; and (c) the company and the other party or other parties to the contract enter into a contract in substitution for the first-mentioned contract, any liabilities to which the person who purported to execute the first-mentioned contract on behalf of the company is subject under this section in relation to the first-mentioned contract (including liabilities under an order made by a court under this section) are, by force of this sub-section, deemed to be discharged.

(11) Any rights or liabilities of a person under this section (including rights or liabilities under an order made by a court under this section) in relation to a contract are in substitution for any rights that the person would have, or any liabilities to which the person would be subject, as the case may be, apart from this section, in relation to the contract.

(12) Where- (a) a person purports to enter into a contract as trustee for a proposed

Back to Top

company; and (b) the company is formed within a reasonable time after the person purports to enter into the contract but does not ratify the contract within a reasonable time after the company is formed, then, notwithstanding any rule of law or equity, the trustee does not have any right of indemnity against the company in respect of the contract.

(13) For the purposes of this section, a contract may be ratified by a company in the same manner as a contract may be made by a company under section 80 and the provisions of section 80 have effect as if- (a) the references in that section to making a contract were references to ratifying a contract; and (b) the reference in sub-section (3) of that section to a contract executed, or purporting to have been executed, under the common seal of a company were a reference to a contract ratified, or purporting to have been ratified, under the common seal of a company.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 82. Prohibition of carrying on business with fewer than statutory minimum number of members

82. (1) If, at any time, the number of members of a company (counting joint holders of shares as one person) is reduced- (a) in the case of a proprietary company-below 2; or (b) in the case of any other company-below 5, and the company carries on business for more than 6 months while the number is so reduced, every person who, at any time when the company so carries on business after those 6 months, is a member of the company and is aware that the company is carrying on business with fewer than 2 or 5 members, as the case may be- (c) is severally liable for the payment of any debt of the company contracted at a time when- (i) the company so carries on business after those 6 months; and (ii) he is a member, and may be severally sued for payment of that debt; and (d) is guilty of an offence.

(2) Sub-section (1) does not apply in relation to a company the whole of the issued shares of which are held by a holding company that is a company within the meaning of this Act or of the corresponding law of a participating State or a participating Territory.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 83. Certificate authorizing application for transfer of incorporation

Division 4-Transfer of Incorporation 83. (1) A company may apply to the Commission for a certificate authorizing the company to make an application for registration as a company under the corresponding law of a participating State or participating Territory.

(2) An application under sub-section (1)- (a) shall be in the prescribed form; and (b) shall be accompanied by- (i) a declaration in writing signed by the directors of the company or, in the case of a company having more than 2 directors, a majority of the directors, to the effect that they have made an inquiry into the affairs of the company and that at a meeting of directors have formed the opinion that the company will be able to pay its debts as they fall due; and (ii) a statement of affairs of the company showing, in the prescribed form, the assets and liabilities of the company made up to the latest practicable date before the making of the application.

(3) Where a company applies, under sub-section (1), for a certificate authorizing the company to make an application for registration as a company under the corresponding law of a participating State or participating Territory, the Commission shall issue the certificate if- (a) the company has passed a special resolution approving the application for the certificate; (b) the company has given to its creditors, in a manner approved by the Commission, notice of its intention to apply for such a certificate;

Back to Top

(c) the name of the company is reserved under a provision of a law of that State or Territory that corresponds with section 52; (d) the Commission is not aware of any failure of the company to comply with any requirement of this Act that is applicable to it; (e) the Commission is not aware of any other reason why the certificate should not be granted; and (f) the Minister has consented to the issuing of the certificate, but otherwise the Commission shall refuse to issue the certificate.

(4) A certificate may be issued under sub-section (3) subject to such conditions as are specified in the certificate.

(5) A company is not entitled to make an application under sub-section (1) if- (a) the company is in the course of being wound up or an application to wind up the company has been lodged and has not been dealt with; (b) a receiver, or a receiver and manager, has been appointed, and is acting, in respect of the property or part of the property of the company; (c) the company is under official management; or (d) the company has entered into a compromise or arrangement with another person or other persons and the administration of the compromise or arrangement has not been concluded or an application has been made to the Court for the approval of such a compromise or arrangement and has not been dealt with.

(6) With such modifications as are necessary, sub-sections 73 (6) to (13), inclusive, apply to and in respect of the proposal, passing and lodging, and the cancellation or confirmation by the Court, of a special resolution relating to an application for a certificate under this section as if it were a special resolution under section 73.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 84. Application by recognized company for registration under Division

84. (1) Subject to sub-section (3), a recognized company may apply to the Commission to be registered as a company under this Act.

(2) An application by a recognized company under sub-section (1)- (a) shall be in the prescribed form; (b) shall be accompanied by- (i) a certificate issued not earlier than 1 month before the date on which the application is lodged to that recognized company under the provision of the law of the State or Territory in which the recognized company was incorporated that corresponds with sub-section 83 (3); and (ii) a certified copy of each of such documents as are specified by the Commission; and (c) shall be lodged with the Commission.

(3) A recognized company is not entitled to make an application under sub-section (1) if- (a) the recognized company is in the course of being wound up or an application to wind up the recognized company has been lodged and has not been dealt with; (b) a receiver, or a receiver and manager, has been appointed, and is acting, in respect of the property or part of the property of the recognized company; (c) the recognized company is under official management; or (d) the recognized company has entered into a compromise or arrangement with another person or other persons and the administration of the compromise or arrangement has not been concluded or an application has been made to a court for the approval of such a compromise or arrangement and has not been dealt with.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 85. Application by foreign company for registration under Division

85. (1) Subject to sub-section (2), a corporation that was incorporated or formed- (a) in a State other than a participating State;
Back to Top

(b) in a Territory other than a participating Territory; or (c) outside Australia and the external Territories, may apply to the Commission to be registered under this Act as a company of one of the following classes: (d) a company limited by shares; (e) a company limited by guarantee; (f) a company limited both by shares and by guarantee; (g) an unlimited company; (h) in the case of a mining company-a no liability company.

(2) A corporation is not entitled to make an application under sub-section (1) if- (a) the corporation is in the course of being wound up or an application to wind up the corporation has been lodged and has not been dealt with; (b) a receiver, or a receiver and manager, has been appointed, and is acting, in respect of the property or part of the property of the corporation; (c) the corporation is under official management; or (d) the corporation has entered into a compromise or arrangement with another person or other persons and the administration of the compromise or arrangement has not been concluded or an application has been made to a court for the approval of such a compromise or arrangement and has not been dealt with.

(3) The Commission shall not grant an application by a corporation under sub-section (1) for registration as a company under this Act unless- (a) under the law for the time being in force in the place where the corporation was incorporated or formed- (i) the transfer of the incorporation of the corporation is authorized; (ii) the corporation is of a class that is the same or substantially the same as one of the classes of companies referred to in sub-section (1); (iii) the constituent documents of the corporation specify the name and objects of the corporation; (iv) where the liability of the members of the corporation is limited-the extent to which, and the manner in which, that liability is limited is defined in the constituent documents of the corporation; and (v) where the corporation has a share capital and the liability of its members is limited-its capital is of a fixed amount and is divided into shares of a fixed amount; (b) the corporation has complied with the regulations (if any) of the law of the place where it was incorporated or formed that relate to the transfer of its incorporation; (c) where the law of the place where the corporation was incorporated or formed does not require the members of the corporation, or a specified proportion of those members, to consent to the transfer of the incorporation of the corporation-not less than three-quarters of such members of the corporation as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy, consent to the transfer of the incorporation of the corporation at a meeting of which not less than 21 days' notice specifying the intention of the corporation to apply for such a transfer is given; and (d) the name of the corporation is reserved in the Territory under section 55.

(4) An application by a corporation under sub-section (1) shall be in the prescribed form, shall be lodged with the Commission and shall be accompanied by- (a) a certified copy of the certificate of incorporation or registration of the corporation in the place of its incorporation or a document having the same effect; (b) evidence acceptable to the Commission that the corporation is not, by

Back to Top

reason of sub-section (2), disqualified from making the application; (c) evidence acceptable to the Commission that the requirements of paragraphs (3) (a), (b) and (c) have been satisfied; (d) a certified printed copy of the constituent document or of each of the constituent documents of the corporation; (e) in the case of a corporation applying to be registered as a company having a share capital, a statement specifying- (i) the nominal share capital of the corporation and the number and classes of shares into which the share capital is divided; (ii) the number of shares taken up and the amount paid on each share; and (iii) subject to sub-section (6), the full name, or the surname and at least one Christian or given name and other initials, and the address, of each of the shareholders and the number and class of shares held by each person named; (f) in relation to each existing charge on property of the corporation that would be a registrable charge within the meaning of Division 9 of Part IV if the corporation were a company as defined in sub-section 5 (1), the documents required to be lodged by sub-section 201 (3); and (g) such other documents or information as the Commission requires and specifies by notice in writing to the corporation.

(5) Where a document required by sub-section (4) to be lodged with the Commission has previously been lodged with the Commission pursuant to Division 5 of Part XIII, the Commission may, for the purposes of this section, dispense with the requirement that the document be lodged with the Commission.

(6) Where a corporation- (a) has more than 500 members; (b) satisfies the Commission that it will keep its principal register at a place in the Territory within 25 kilometres of the office of the Corporate Affairs Commission for the Territory; and (c) satisfies the Commission that it will provide reasonable accommodation and facilities for persons to inspect and take copies of its list of members and its particulars of shares transferred, the corporation is not required to comply with sub-paragraph (4) (e) (iii).

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 86. Registration of corporations as companies

86. (1) Where a corporation applies to the Commission under section 84 to be registered as a company- (a) if the Commission is satisfied that the corporation- (i) has complied with the requirements of that section and with any conditions to which the certificate issued to the corporation under the provision of the law of a participating State or a participating Territory that corresponds with section 83 is subject; and (ii) is not disqualified by reason of sub-section 84 (3) from making the application, the Commission shall grant the application and register the corporation as a company; or (b) if the Commission is not so satisfied-the Commission shall refuse the application.

(2) Where a corporation applies to the Commission under section 85 to be registered as a company- (a) if the Commission is satisfied that the corporation has complied with the requirements of that section and is not disqualified by reason of that section from making the application or from being granted registration as a company-the Commission shall grant the application and register the corporation as a company; or (b) if the Commission is not so satisfied-the Commission shall refuse the application.

(3) Where the Commission grants an application by a corporation under section 84 or 85-

Back to Top

(a) if, in the case of a corporation incorporated in a participating State or participating Territory, the corporation was incorporated as a proprietary company or, in any other case, the constituent documents of the corporation comply with the requirements of sub-section 34 (1)-the Commission shall register the corporation as a proprietary company; or (b) if paragraph (a) does not apply-the Commission shall register the company as a public company.

(4) Where the Commission grants an application by a corporation under section 84 or 85, the Commission shall register the corporation as a company of one of the following classes: (a) a company limited by shares; (b) a company limited by guarantee; (c) a company limited both by shares and by guarantee; (d) an unlimited company; or (e) a no liability company, being whichever of those classes is- (f) in the case of a corporation that was incorporated under the law of a participating State or participating Territory-equivalent to the class in which the corporation is included under the law of that State or Territory; or (g) in the case of any other corporation-the same or substantially the same as the class in which that corporation is included under the law of the place where the corporation was incorporated.

(5) Where the Commission grants an application by a corporation under this Division for registration as a company, the Commission shall cause to be issued to the corporation a certificate under the common seal of the Commission- (a) stating that the corporation has been registered under this Division as a company and specifying the date of commencement of the registration; (b) stating that that company is- (i) a company limited by shares; (ii) a company limited by guarantee; (iii) a company limited both by shares and by guarantee; (iv) an unlimited company; or (v) a no liability company, as the case requires; and (c) stating that that company is a proprietary company or a public company, as the case requires.

(6) The Commission shall cause a register to be kept for the purposes of this section and, where a corporation is registered under this Division as a company- (a) shall cause to be entered in the register- (i) the name of the corporation; and (ii) the date of commencement of the registration of the corporation as a company; and (b) shall cause to be incorporated with the register- (i) in the case of a corporation registered as a company under sub-section (1)-the application lodged by the corporation under sub-section 84 (2) and the documents that, by virtue of paragraph 84 (2) (b), accompanied that application; and (ii) in the case of a corporation registered as a company under sub-section (2)-the application lodged by the corporation under sub-section 85 (4) and the documents that, by virtue of paragraphs 85 (4) (a) to (g), inclusive, accompanied that application.

(7) Where a corporation is registered under this Division as a company and, immediately before the corporation was so registered, it was registered pursuant to Division 5 of Part XIII, the Commission shall, upon the

Back to Top

registration of the corporation as a company, remove the name of the corporation from the register kept pursuant to that Division and may retain such of the documents registered pursuant to that Division that relate to the corporation as the Commission thinks fit.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 87. Effect of registration

87. (1) Where, pursuant to section 86, the Commission registers a corporation as a company, then, from the commencement of the day specified in the certificate issued under sub-section 86 (5) as the date of commencement of the registration of that corporation as a company- (a) the corporation shall be deemed to be a company duly incorporated under this Act; (b) subject to the succeeding provisions of this Division, the provisions of this Act extend and apply to the corporation, and to persons and matters associated with the corporation, as if the corporation were a company duly incorporated under this Act; (c) the corporation- (i) is capable of performing all the functions of a company duly incorporated under this Act; (ii) is capable of suing and being sued; (iii) has perpetual succession and shall have a common seal; and (iv) has power to acquire, hold and dispose of property; and (d) the members of the corporation have such liability to contribute to the property of the corporation in the event of its being wound up under the provisions of this Act as is provided by the provisions of this Act as they apply to the corporation by virtue of the succeeding provisions of this Division.

(2) Sub-section (1) does not operate- (a) to create a new legal entity; (b) to prejudice or affect the identity of the body corporate constituted by the corporation or its continuity as a body corporate; (c) to affect the property of the corporation; (d) to affect any appointment made, resolution passed or any other act or thing done in relation to the corporation pursuant to a power conferred by any of the constituent documents of the corporation or by the law of the place where the corporation was incorporated; or (e) except to the extent provided by this Division, to affect any rights, powers, authorities, duties, functions, liabilities or obligations of the corporation or any other person.

(3) Sub-section (1) does not operate to render defective any legal proceedings by or against the corporation, and any legal proceedings that could have been continued or commenced by or against the corporation before its registration as a company may, notwithstanding the registration, be continued or commenced by or against the corporation after its registration.

(4) Where, pursuant to sub-section 86 (2), the Commission registers a corporation as a company- (a) the provisions of the constituent documents of the corporation that would, if the corporation had been incorporated under this Act, have been required by this Act to be included in its memorandum of association shall be deemed to be the registered memorandum of association of the company; and (b) the provisions of the constituent documents of the corporation that do not, by virtue of paragraph (a), constitute the registered memorandum of association shall be deemed to be the registered articles of association of the company, and those provisions of the constituent documents, to the extent to which they so constitute the registered memorandum of association or the registered articles of association of the company, bind the company and its members accordingly.

(5) A reference in sub-section (4) to the constituent documents of a corporation shall, if any of those documents is or are in a language other than English, be construed as a reference to the translation of the document or documents concerned into the English language that was lodged with the application for registration under this Division irrespective of the correctness of the translation, but nothing in this sub-section affects any

Back to Top

liabilities of the corporation or its members that existed immediately before the registration of the corporation as a company.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 88. Alterations to constituent documents of foreign companies

88. (1) A corporation that is registered under sub-section 86 (2) as a company of a particular class shall, within 90 days after the date of commencement of registration of the corporation, by special resolution, make such alterations (if any) to its constituent documents as- (a) are necessary to express in Australian currency any amounts of money specified in the constituent documents; (b) are necessary to ensure that the constituent documents comply with the requirements of this Act relating to constituent documents of companies of that class; and (c) are necessary or expedient to give effect to the provisions of this Division, or are incidental to giving effect to those provisions.

(2) Where a corporation is required by paragraph (1) (a) to alter its constituent documents to express in Australian currency amounts of money specified in those documents, the alterations shall all be made on the basis of the same rate, being a rate fixed by resolution of the corporation before the passing of the special resolution referred to in sub-section (1), and the resolution fixing that rate, when passed pursuant to this sub-section, shall, for the purposes of section 251, be deemed to be a special resolution.

(3) Where a corporation is required by sub-section (1) to alter its constituent documents, the corporation shall, if the Commission so directs, apply to the Court, within a time specified by the Commission, for an order approving the constituent documents of the corporation as altered in accordance with the resolution referred to in that sub-section.

(4) Where, pursuant to sub-section (3), a corporation applies to the Court for an order approving its constituent documents as altered in accordance with sub-section (1), the Court may, if it is satisfied that the resolutions altering the constituent documents have been duly passed and that the alterations to the constituent documents satisfy the requirements of sub-section (1), make an order approving the constituent documents of the corporation as altered in accordance with those resolutions, with such modifications (if any) to the constituent documents as it thinks fit.

(5) Subject to sub-section (6), section 72 applies in relation to a resolution passed by a corporation pursuant to sub-section (1) or an order of the Court made in relation to a corporation under sub-section (4) as if the references in sub-sections 72 (2), (3), (5) and (9) to the memorandum of a company were references to the constituent documents of the corporation.

(6) Where a corporation would, but for this sub-section, be required by sub-section (5) and section 72 to lodge with the Commission a printed copy of its constituent documents as altered by a special resolution referred to in sub-section (1) or by an order of the Court made under sub-section (4), the corporation may instead lodge with the Commission a copy of the special resolution or an office copy of the order of the Court, as the case may be, and, if the memorandum of the corporation has been altered by the resolution or the order, a printed copy of the memorandum as altered.

(7) Where the constituent documents of a corporation registered as a company having a share capital are altered in accordance with this section, from the time when the alterations take effect- (a) the amount of the nominal share capital and the nominal value of each share shall be taken to be the amount and value respectively expressed in the altered constituent documents; (b) each person who held shares in the corporation immediately before the alteration took effect holds the same number of shares as he held before the alterations took effect and, in the case of a corporation shares in which are divided into 2 or more classes, the same number of shares in each class as he held before the alterations took effect; and (c) the amount paid up on each share in the corporation shall be deemed to be an amount in Australian currency that bears to the nominal value of the share under the altered constituent documents the same proportion as, immediately before the alterations took effect, the amount paid up on the share bore to the nominal value of the share, and the amount of the share capital paid up shall be calculated accordingly.

(8) If a corporation fails to comply with the provisions of sub-section (1), (2) or (3), the corporation and any officer of the corporation who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 89. Effect of registration of company under corresponding law

89. Where-
Back to Top

(a) a company has applied, under the provision of the law of a participating State or of a participating Territory that corresponds with section 84, for registration as a company under the law of that State or Territory; and (b) the Commission has registered that company as a company under the law of that State or Territory, the company shall, from the time at which it is deemed, by virtue of the provision of a law of that State or Territory that corresponds with section 87, to be a company duly incorporated under the law of that State or Territory, cease to be incorporated under this Act.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 90. Application of this Act to corporations registered under this Division

90. (1) Sub-section 75 (1) does not apply in relation to a corporation that has been registered under this Division as a company unless the members of the corporation, by special resolution, resolve that the sub-section should apply to the corporation.

(2) Section 239 does not apply in relation to a corporation that has been registered under this Division as a company.

(3) Section 240 applies in relation to a corporation that has been registered under this Division as a company as if- (a) sub-section 240 (2) were omitted; and (b) there were omitted from paragraph 240 (5) (a) ''or the period of 18 months referred to in sub-section (2)''.

(4) Where a corporation that is a holding company is registered as a company under sub-section 86 (2), section 268 applies in relation to subsidiaries of the corporation that were subsidiaries of the corporation on the date of commencement of the registration of the corporation as a company under sub-section 86 (2) and, notwithstanding sub-section 268 (2), the action referred to in sub-section 268 (1) shall be taken in relation to those subsidiaries within 12 months after that date.

(5) Section 360 applies in relation to a corporation that has been registered under this Division as a company as if a reference to a past member of the company included a reference to a person who had been a member of the corporation but had ceased to be such a member before the corporation was registered under this Division as a company but such a person is liable to contribute to the property of the company only to an amount sufficient for- (a) payment of debts and liabilities contracted by the corporation before it was so registered; (b) payment of the costs, charges and expenses of winding up the corporation, in so far as those costs, charges and expenses relate to the debts and liabilities referred to in paragraph (a); and (c) the adjustment of the rights of the contributories among themselves, in so far as the adjustment relates to the debts and liabilities referred to in paragraph (a).

(6) Without prejudice to section 87, the Companies (Transitional Provisions) Act 1980 applies to a corporation that has been registered under this Division as a company, and to persons and matters associated with that corporation, as if that corporation had been incorporated under the law of the Territory corresponding with this Act that was in force immediately before the commencement of this Act and as if this Act commenced on the date of commencement of the registration of that corporation as a company under section 86.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 91. Establishment of registers and minute books

91. (1) A corporation that is registered under this Division as a company shall, within 14 days after the date of commencement of the registration of the corporation- (a) establish the registers required to be kept by the provisions of sections 131, 143, 147, 172, 209, 231, 238 and 256 and include in those registers such of the information required to be included in those registers as is available to the corporation at the date of commencement of the registration; and (b) establish books to be used for the entry of minutes of proceedings of meetings for the purpose of compliance with section 253 and comply with the requirements of sub-section 254 (1) in relation to those books.

(2) Where, before the expiration of the period of 14 days referred to in sub-section (1)- (a) pursuant to sub-section 131 (5), 143 (3), 147 (6), 172 (3), 209 (4), 231 (8), 238 (6) or 257 (3), a person requests a corporation that has been

Back to Top

registered under this Division as a company to furnish the person with, or make available for inspection by the person, a copy of, or of a part of, a register kept pursuant to a requirement of this Act; or (b) pursuant to sub-section 254 (2), a person requests a corporation that has been registered under this Division as a company to furnish the person with a copy of any minutes of a general meeting, the period within which the corporation is obliged to comply with that request shall be deemed to commence at the expiration of that period of 14 days.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 92. Share warrants

92. (1) Where a corporation that is registered under sub-section 86 (2) had, before its registration, issued any share warrant, the bearer of the share warrant is entitled, on surrendering it to the corporation for cancellation, to have his name entered as a member in the register of members of the corporation.

(2) A corporation that is registered under sub-section 86 (2) is liable to compensate a person for any loss incurred by him by reason of the corporation entering in the register of its members the name of the bearer of a share warrant issued before the registration of the corporation in respect of shares specified in the share warrant without the share warrant being surrendered and cancelled.

(3) Subject to this section, the articles of a corporation that is registered under sub-section 86 (2) may provide that the bearer of a share warrant in relation to shares in the corporation is to be deemed to be a member of the corporation either to the full extent or for any purpose defined in the articles.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 93. Certificate of registration conclusive evidence

93. A certificate of registration under this Division as a company under the common seal of the Commission is conclusive evidence that all the requirements of this Division in respect of registration of the company under this Division and of matters precedent and incidental to the registration of the company under this Division have been complied with, and that the corporation referred to in the certificate is duly registered under this Division as a company and is deemed to be a company duly incorporated under this Act.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 94. Interpretation

PART IV-PROSPECTUSES, SECURITIES AND CHARGES Division 1-Prospectuses 94. (1) For the purposes of this Act, a statement included in a prospectus shall be deemed to be untrue if it is misleading in the form or context in which it is included.

(2) For the purposes of the application of section 95 or 96, if forms referred to in the section concerned that are the same or substantially the same are issued to the public or are issued to any section of the public, whether selected as clients of the person issuing the forms or in any other manner, each of the forms shall be deemed to be issued to the public notwithstanding that each form may be used only by the person to whom it is issued, but forms shall not be taken to be issued to the public by reason only that- (a) they are issued to persons whose ordinary business is to buy or sell shares, debentures or prescribed interests, whether as principal or agent; (b) they are issued to existing members or debenture holders of a corporation and relate to shares in, or debentures of, that corporation; (c) they are issued to holders of prescribed interests made available by a corporation pursuant to a deed that is an approved deed for the purposes of Division 6 and relate to prescribed interests made available by that corporation pursuant to the same approved deed; or (d) they are issued to existing members of a company in connection with a proposal referred to in section 409 and relate to shares in that company.

(3) A reference in this Division to a statement includes a reference to matter that is not written but, by reason of the form or context in which it appears, conveys a message.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 95. Prohibition of issue of certain documents in relation to proposed corporations

95. (1) It is unlawful to issue- (a) a form of application for shares in, or debentures of, a corporation that is to be formed; or
Back to Top

(b) a form to accompany a deposit of money with, or a loan of money to, a corporation that is to be formed.

(2) Sub-section (1) does not apply if- (a) the form is not issued to the public; and (b) the invitation or offer to which the form relates is not issued or made to the public.

(3) A corporation that, or another person who, does any act or thing that is unlawful by reason of sub-section (1) and any officer of such a corporation who is in default are each guilty of an offence. Penalty: $20,000 or imprisonment for 5 years, or both.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 96. Forms of application for shares or debentures to be attached to prospectus

96. (1) A form of application for shares in or debentures of a corporation or a form to accompany a deposit of money with, or a loan of money to, a corporation shall not be issued by the corporation or by any other person unless the form is attached to a prospectus and a copy of the form and a copy of the prospectus have been registered by the Commission under this Act or the corresponding law of a participating State or of a participating Territory.

(2) Sub-section (1) does not apply if- (a) the form is not issued to the public; and (b) the invitation or offer to which the form relates is not issued or made to the public.

(3) A corporation that, or another person who, contravenes this section and any officer of such a corporation who is in default are each guilty of an offence. Penalty: $20,000 or imprisonment for 5 years, or both.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 97. Invitations or offers in relation to borrowings by a corporation

97. (1) An invitation to the public to subscribe for or purchase debentures of a corporation or an offer to the public of debentures of a corporation for subscription or purchase, shall not be made by the corporation or by any other person unless- (a) a copy of a prospectus in relation to the invitation or offer has been registered by the Commission under this Act or the corresponding law of a participating State or of a participating Territory; (b) the prospectus contains an undertaking by the corporation that it will, within 2 months after the acceptance of any money as a deposit or loan from any person in response to the invitation or offer, issue to that person a document that acknowledges, evidences or constitutes an acknowledgement of the indebtedness of the corporation in respect of that deposit or loan; and (c) the document is, in accordance with this section, described or referred to in the prospectus and in any other document constituting or relating to the invitation or offer as- (i) an unsecured note or an unsecured deposit note; (ii) a mortgage debenture or certificate of mortgage debenture stock; or (iii) a debenture or certificate of debenture stock.

(2) Where, pursuant to an invitation or offer referred to in sub-section (1), a corporation has accepted from any person any money as a deposit or loan, the corporation shall, within 2 months after the acceptance of the money, issue to that person a document that- (a) acknowledges, evidences or constitutes an acknowledgement of the indebtedness of the corporation in respect of that deposit or loan; and (b) complies with the other requirements of this section.

(3) The document shall be described or referred to in the prospectus, in any other document constituting or relating to the invitation or offer and in the document itself as an unsecured note or an unsecured deposit note, unless, pursuant to the provisions of either sub-section (4) or (5), it is, and may be, otherwise described.

(4) The document may be described or referred to in the prospectus, in any other document constituting or relating to the invitation or offer or in the document itself as a mortgage debenture or certificate of mortgage debenture stock if, and only if, there is included in the prospectus-

Back to Top

(a) a statement to the effect that- (i) the repayment of all moneys that have been or may be deposited with or lent to the corporation in response to the invitation or offer is secured by a first mortgage given to the trustee for the holders of the debentures to be issued in relation to the deposit or loan over land vested in the corporation or in any of its guarantor corporations; (ii) the mortgage has been duly registered, or is a registrable mortgage that has been lodged for registration, in accordance with the law relating to the registration of mortgages of land in the place where the land is situated; and (iii) the aggregate amount of those moneys and of all other liabilities (if any) secured by the mortgage of that land ranking pari passu with the liability to repay those moneys does not exceed 60% of the value of the corporation's interest in that land as shown in the valuation included in the prospectus; and (b) a copy of a written valuation of the corporation's interest in the land so mortgaged showing the nature and extent of the corporation's interest made not more than 6 months before the date of the prospectus by a person who is competent and qualified to make the valuation in the place where the land is situated and who is not an officer of the corporation, of any of its guarantor corporations or of any corporation that is related to either the first-mentioned corporation or any of its guarantor corporations.

(5) The document may be described or referred to in the prospectus, in any other document constituting or relating to the invitation or offer or in the document itself as a debenture or certificate of debenture stock if, and only if- (a) pursuant to sub-section (4) it may be, but is not, described or referred to in that prospectus or document as a mortgage debenture or certificate of mortgage debenture stock; or (b) there is included in the prospectus- (i) a statement to the effect that- (A) the repayment of all moneys that have been or may be deposited with or lent to the corporation in response to the invitation or offer has been secured by a charge in favour of the trustee for the holders of the debentures over the whole or any part of the tangible property of the corporation and of its guarantor corporations or any of them; and (B) having regard to the particulars in the summary made in accordance with sub-paragraph (ii), the tangible property that constitutes the security for the charge is sufficient and is reasonably likely to be sufficient to meet the liability for the repayment of all such moneys and all other liabilities ranking in priority to, or pari passu with, that liability that have been or may be incurred; and (ii) a summary made by a registered company auditor showing in tabular form the aggregate values (calculated as prescribed) of the tangible property of the borrowing corporation and of its guarantor corporations that has been charged to secure the repayment of all moneys and other liabilities referred to in sub-paragraph (i), after making such adjustments as are proper to give a true and fair view of the tangible property available as security for the charge and, in particular, after making adjustments- (A) to exclude from those aggregate values such part of the value of any shares in or advances to a corporation as is reflected in or depends upon the tangible property of that corporation that is otherwise included in the summary; (B) to exclude from those aggregate values such part of the value of any shares in a corporation that is related to the borrowing corporation or the guarantor corporation, as the case requires, as is properly attributable to intangible property of that first-mentioned corporation; and (C) to add to those aggregate values the amount to be raised under the prospectus including the maximum amount of over-subscriptions that the prospectus in accordance with section 102 specifies may be retained, being a summary that- (D) shows the amounts outstanding of the aggregate amounts borrowed respectively by the borrowing corporation and by its guarantor corporations and distinguishes between the amounts that will rank for repayment in priority

Back to Top

to the proposed issue and the amounts that will rank pari passu with that proposed issue; (E) states by way of note or otherwise the total amount of the values of intangible property excluded in making the adjustments required under this sub-paragraph; (F) where the corporation has given a charge over its assets to secure a liability the amount of which may vary from time to time, takes into account the actual amount of the liability as at the date at which the summary is made up but shows by way of note the further amount that may be advanced under that charge; (G) where necessary, explains or qualifies by way of note or otherwise any of the matters set out in the summary; (H) discloses by way of note or otherwise the amount of advances (distinguishing between advances that are secured and advances that are unsecured) by the borrowing corporation to any corporation that is related to the borrowing corporation other than a corporation that is a guarantor corporation in relation to that borrowing corporation that has secured the guarantee by a charge over its property in favour of the trustee for the holders of the debentures of the borrowing corporation; and (I) discloses by way of note or otherwise the amount of advances (distinguishing between advances that are secured and advances that are unsecured) by a corporation that is a guarantor corporation, or each corporation that is a guarantor corporation, in relation to the borrowing corporation to any corporation that is related to the borrowing corporation (other than the amount of advances to any other corporation that is also a guarantor corporation in relation to the borrowing corporation).

(6) Nothing in this section applies to a prescribed corporation and nothing in this Act requires a prospectus to be issued in connection with- (a) an invitation issued by a prescribed corporation to the public to subscribe for or purchase debentures of a prescribed corporation; or (b) an offer made by a prescribed corporation to the public of debentures of the prescribed corporation for subscription or purchase.

(7) In sub-section (6), ''prescribed corporation'' means- (a) a banking corporation; (b) a corporation that is declared by the Commission, by notice published in the Gazette, to be an authorized dealer in the short term money market; or (c) a corporation that- (i) is a pastoral company in respect of which an exemption granted under section 11 of the Banking Act 1959 is in force; (ii) is registered under the Life Insurance Act 1945 or is a corporation the whole of the issued shares in which are held beneficially by a corporation so registered; or (iii) is a subsidiary of a banking corporation or of a pastoral company referred to in sub-paragraph (i), if the repayment of all existing and future deposits with and loans to the subsidiary are guaranteed by the banking corporation or pastoral company, and is declared by the Commission by notice published in the Gazette to be a prescribed corporation for the purposes of this section.

(8) The Commission may, by notice published in the Gazette, vary or revoke a declaration made under paragraph (7) (b).

(9) The Commission may, by notice published in the Gazette- (a) specify terms and conditions subject to which sub-section (6) has effect in relation to a corporation specified in paragraph (7) (c); or (b) vary or revoke any declaration or specification made under paragraph (7) (c) or under this sub-section.

(10) A corporation that, or another person who, contravenes or fails to comply with any of the provisions of this section and any officer of such a corporation who is in default are each guilty of an offence. Penalty- (a) in the case of a contravention or failure to comply with sub-section (1) arising out of the issuing of an invitation or the making of an offer without a copy of a prospectus in relation to the invitation or the offer

Back to Top

having been registered by the Commission as required by paragraph (1) (a)-$20,000 or imprisonment for 5 years, or both; or (b) in any other case-$2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

(11) The provisions of this section relating to the description of a document acknowledging or evidencing, or intended to acknowledge or evidence, the indebtedness of a corporation apply to and in relation to every such document issued after the commencement of this Act, notwithstanding anything in any debenture or trust deed issued or executed before that commencement and in force for the time being, and any such document issued after that commencement shall be described in accordance with the requirements of this section notwithstanding anything in any such debenture or trust deed.

(12) For the purposes of this section, a document issued by a borrowing corporation certifying that a person specified in the document is, in respect of any deposit with or loan to the corporation, the registered holder of a specified number or value- (a) of unsecured notes or unsecured deposit notes; (b) of mortgage debentures or certificates of mortgage debenture stock; or (c) of debentures or certificates of debenture stock, issued by the corporation upon or subject to the terms and conditions contained in a trust deed referred to or identified in the certificate shall be deemed to be a document evidencing the indebtedness of that corporation in respect of that deposit or loan.

(13) The prospectus and a document issued in connection with or in relation to the prospectus shall describe or refer to the document mentioned in sub-section (12) in the manner required or authorized by the Commission and shall so describe or refer to the document without any addition to or qualification of the description or reference other than any addition that the Commission may approve or require in order to indicate the priority of the indebtedness that the document is to evidence.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 98. Contents of prospectuses

98. (1) To comply with the requirements of this Act, a prospectus- (a) shall be printed in type of a size not less than the type known as eight point Times unless the Commission, before the issuing or advertising of the prospectus in the Territory, certifies in writing that the type and size of letter are legible and satisfactory; (b) shall be dated; (c) shall, as to one copy, be lodged with the Commission as required by this Act, shall state that a copy of the prospectus has been so lodged and shall also state, immediately after the statement that a copy has been so lodged, that the Commission takes no responsibility as to the contents of the prospectus; (d) where the prospectus relates to shares, shall set out particulars as to- (i) the minimum amount that, in the opinion of the directors, must be raised by the issue of those shares in order to provide the sums, or, if any part of the sums is to be defrayed in any other manner, the balance of the sums, required to be provided in respect of each of- (A) the purchase price of any property purchased or to be purchased that is to be defrayed in whole or in part out of the proceeds of the issue; (B) any preliminary expenses payable by the corporation, and any commission so payable to any person in consideration of his agreeing to subscribe for, or of his procuring or agreeing to procure subscriptions for, any shares in the corporation; (C) the repayment of any money borrowed by the corporation in respect of any of the foregoing matters; and (D) working capital; and (ii) the amounts to be provided in respect of the matters mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) otherwise than out of the proceeds of the issue and the sources out of which those amounts are to be provided; (e) shall- (i) in the case of-
Back to Top

(A) a prospectus included in a class of prospectuses in relation to which regulations have been made for the purposes of this sub-paragraph; or (B) a prospectus to be issued in respect of shares included in a class of shares or debentures included in a class of debentures, or in respect of a corporation included in a class of corporations, in relation to which regulations have been made for the purposes of this sub-paragraph, set out the prescribed matters and contain the prescribed reports, being reports each of which either indicates by way of note any adjustments as respects the figures of any profit or loss or assets and liabilities dealt with by the report that appear necessary to the persons making the report or makes those adjustments and indicates that adjustments have been made; or (ii) in any other case-set out such matters as the Commission requires and contain such reports as the Commission requires, being reports each of which either indicates by way of note any adjustments as respects the figures of any profit or loss or assets and liabilities dealt with by the report that appear necessary to the persons making the report or makes those adjustments and indicates that adjustments have been made; (f) in the case of a prospectus pursuant to which the public is to be invited to deposit money with or lend money to a corporation that is a subsidiary of another corporation or a prospectus pursuant to which a corporation that is a subsidiary of another corporation is to make offers to the public to accept moneys deposited with, or moneys lent to, the corporation- (i) shall contain a statement as to whether or not that other corporation is under any liability to repay those moneys or to pay any interest on those moneys; and (ii) where that other corporation is so stated to be under any such liability-shall also give full particulars of the nature and extent of that liability, of the circumstances under which that liability arose and of the manner in which that liability is to be discharged; (g) shall contain a statement that no shares or debentures, as the case requires, will be allotted or issued on the basis of the prospectus later than 6 months after the date of the issue of the prospectus; (h) shall, if it contains any statement that is made by an expert or is contained in what purports to be a copy of, or extract from, a report, memorandum or valuation of an expert, state the date on which the statement, report, memorandum or valuation was made and whether or not it was prepared by the expert for incorporation in the prospectus; (j) shall not contain the name of any person as- (i) a trustee for holders of debentures of the corporation; (ii) an auditor, banker, solicitor, stockbroker or share broker of the corporation or for or in relation to the issue or proposed issue of shares or debentures; or (iii) a person performing any function in a professional, advisory or other capacity not mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) or (ii) for the corporation or for or in relation to the issue or proposed issue of shares or debentures, unless that person has consented in writing before the issue of the prospectus to act in that capacity in relation to the prospectus and, in the case of a company, a copy, verified by a statement in writing, of the consent has been lodged with the Commission; (k) shall set out the dates of, the parties to, and the general nature of, every material contract, not being a contract entered into in the ordinary course of the business carried on or intended to be carried on by the corporation or a contract entered into more than 2 years before the date of issue of the prospectus; (l) shall state whether or not application has been, or is proposed to be, made for permission for the shares or debentures to which the prospectus relates to be listed for quotation on the stock market of any stock exchange, and if such an application has been or is proposed to be made, shall specify the stock exchange or stock exchanges to which application has been or is proposed to be made; (m) shall set out full particulars of the nature and extent of the interest (if any) of every director or proposed director and of every expert in the promotion of, or in the property proposed to be acquired by, the corporation,
Back to Top

or, where the interest of such a director or proposed director or such an expert consists of being a partner in a firm, the nature and extent of the interest of the firm, with a statement of all sums paid or agreed to be paid to him or to the firm in cash or shares or otherwise by any persons, in the case of a director or proposed director, either to induce him to become, or to qualify him as, a director, or otherwise for services rendered by him or by the firm in connection with the promotion or formation of the corporation or, in the case of an expert, for services rendered by him or the firm in connection with the promotion or formation of the corporation; (n) shall, where the prospectus offers shares in or debentures of a foreign company, in addition contain particulars with respect to- (i) the constituent documents of the foreign company; (ii) the enactments or provisions having the force of an enactment by or under which the incorporation of the foreign company was effected; (iii) an address in the Territory where the constituent documents, and the enactments or provisions, or certified copies of the constituent documents, enactments or provisions, may be inspected; (iv) the date on which and the place where the foreign company was or is to be incorporated or formed; and (v) the address of the registered office of the foreign company in the Territory; and (o) shall specify each participating State or participating Territory (if any) in which it is proposed to issue the prospectus.

(2) The date inserted in a prospectus pursuant to paragraph (1) (b) shall, unless the contrary is proved, be taken to be the date of issue of the prospectus.

(3) Regulations made for the purposes of paragraph (1) (e) may make different provision in relation to different classes of prospectuses or in relation to prospectuses to be issued in respect of different classes of shares or debentures or different classes of corporations.

(4) The Commission may require that a report that is required pursuant to paragraph (1) (e) to be contained in a prospectus shall contain accounts that comply with the requirements set out in the regulations in force for the time being under sub-section 269 (8) or with such of those requirements as are specified by the Commission.

(5) Paragraph (1) (m) and sub-paragraphs (1) (n) (i), (ii) and (iii) do not apply in the case of a prospectus issued more than 2 years after the day on which- (a) in the case of a company-it is incorporated; or (b) in the case of a foreign company-it is registered as a foreign company in the Territory or in a participating State or a participating Territory under the provisions of the law of that State or Territory that correspond with Division 5 of Part XIII.

(6) A condition requiring or binding an applicant for shares in or debentures of a corporation to waive compliance with any requirement of this section, or purporting to affect him with notice of any contract, document or matter not specifically referred to in the prospectus is void.

(7) Where a prospectus relating to any shares in or debentures of a corporation is issued and the prospectus does not comply with the requirements of this Act, the directors of the corporation and any other persons responsible for the prospectus are each guilty of an offence. Penalty: $2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

(8) In the event of non-compliance with, or contravention of, any of the requirements set out in this section, a director or other person responsible for the prospectus does not incur any liability by reason of the non-compliance or contravention if- (a) as regards any matter not disclosed, he proves that he had no knowledge of that matter; (b) he proves that the non-compliance or contravention arose from an honest mistake on his part concerning the facts; or (c) the non-compliance or contravention was- (i) in respect of matter that, in the opinion of the court dealing with the case, was immaterial; or (ii) otherwise such as, in the opinion of that court, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, ought reasonably to be excused.

Back to Top

(9) In the event of failure to include in a prospectus a statement with respect to the matters specified in paragraph (1) (m), no director or other person shall incur any liability in respect of the failure unless it is proved that he had knowledge of the matters not disclosed.

(10) Nothing in this section limits or diminishes any liability that a person may incur under any rule of law or any enactment or under this Act apart from sub-section (7).

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 99. Certain notices, &c., not to be published

99. (1) In this section- ''notice'' includes a circular and an advertisement but does not include a registered prospectus or a report, statement, notice, circular or advertisement the publication of which is permitted under section 100; ''publish'' includes issue; ''registered prospectus'' includes a prospectus registered under the corresponding law of a participating State or of a participating Territory.

(2) A reference in this section to the publishing of a notice is a reference to the publishing of the notice by any means, including the publishing in a newspaper or periodical, by broadcasting or televising or in a film.

(3) Subject to sub-section (4), a person shall not publish a notice that- (a) offers to the public for subscription or purchase shares in, or debentures of, a corporation or proposed corporation; (b) invites the public to subscribe for or purchase shares in, or debentures of, a corporation or proposed corporation; or (c) refers or calls attention, whether directly or indirectly, to- (i) a prospectus; (ii) an offer or intended offer to the public for subscription or purchase of shares in, or debentures of, a corporation; (iii) an invitation or intended invitation to the public to subscribe for or purchase shares in, or debentures of, a corporation; or (iv) another notice that refers or calls attention, whether directly or indirectly, to a prospectus or such an offer, intended offer, invitation or intended invitation, not being a notice referred to in sub-section (4).

(4) Sub-section (3) does not apply to or with respect to the publishing of a notice that refers to a registered prospectus and- (a) states that allotments or issues of, or contracts for the subscription for or purchase of, shares or debentures to which the prospectus relates will be made only on receipt of a form of application referred to in and attached to a copy of the prospectus but contains no other statements other than statements as to any or all of the following: (i) particulars of the shares in, or debentures of, the corporation to which the prospectus relates; (ii) the name of the corporation, the date of its incorporation and the amount of its paid-up capital; (iii) the general nature of the main business of the corporation; (iv) the names, addresses and occupations of the directors of the corporation; (v) the name and address of each broker and underwriter to the issue and the name of the stock exchange of which each broker or underwriter is a member; (vi) where the prospectus relates to debentures, the name and address of the trustee for the debenture holders; (vii) the time and place at which copies of the prospectus and forms of application for the shares or debentures to which it relates may be obtained; (viii) the period during which the offer or invitation contained in the prospectus is open; (b) is published by the holder of a dealers licence or an investment advisers licence, by a recognized dealer or recognized investment adviser or by an exempt dealer within the meaning of the Securities Industry Act 1980 but

Back to Top

contains no other statements other than statements as to any or all of the matters referred to in paragraph (a) and a statement as to- (i) whether or not the person publishing the notice recommends acceptance of the offer or invitation to which the prospectus relates; and (ii) the interest (if any) that the person publishing the notice has in the success of the offer or invitation to which the prospectus relates, being an interest that the person has as underwriter or sub-underwriter to the issue of the shares or debentures to which the prospectus relates or a relevant interest, within the meaning of the Securities Industry Act 1980, in those shares or debentures; or (c) is published by the holder of a dealers licence or an investment advisers licence, by a recognized dealer or recognized investment adviser or by an exempt dealer within the meaning of the Securities Industry Act 1980 and is accompanied by a copy of the prospectus.

(5) The inclusion in a notice of a statement required by this or any other Act or law to be included in the notice does not affect the operation of sub-section (4).

(6) A person shall not contravene, or authorize or permit an act that constitutes a contravention of, this section.

(7) Where a notice relating to a corporation is published in contravention of this section by or with the authority or permission of an officer of the corporation, the corporation is guilty of an offence. Penalty: $2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 100. Certain reports referring to prospectuses not to be published

100. (1) In this section, unless the contrary intention appears- ''publish'' includes issue; ''registered prospectus'' has the same meaning as in section 99; ''report'' includes a statement, notice, circular and an advertisement, whether or not in writing, but does not include a notice, circular or advertisement the publication of which is permitted under section 99.

(2) A reference in this section to the publishing of a report is a reference to the publishing of the report by any means, including the publishing in a newspaper or periodical, by broadcasting or televising or in a film.

(3) Subject to sub-section (4), a person who is aware that a prospectus relating to an issue of shares or debentures- (a) is in course of preparation by or on behalf of a corporation or in respect of a proposed corporation, for registration under the law of any State or Territory; or (b) has been issued by or on behalf of a corporation, shall not publish a report that is reasonably likely to induce persons to apply for those shares or debentures.

(4) Sub-section (3) does not apply to or with respect to the publishing of- (a) a report that relates to affairs of a corporation the name of which is included in the official list of a stock exchange and- (i) is published only to that stock exchange or an officer of that stock exchange on behalf of the corporation or by or on behalf of one or more of the directors of the corporation; or (ii) has been so published; (b) a report of the whole or part of the proceedings at a general meeting of a corporation the name of which is included in the official list of a stock exchange and which contains no other matter other than matters laid before that meeting; (c) a report that relates to a corporation and is published by or on behalf of a corporation or by or on behalf of one or more of the directors of the corporation and- (i) does not contain matter that materially affects affairs of the corporation other than matter previously made available in a registered prospectus, an annual report or a report referred to in paragraph (a) or (b); (ii) does not contain a reference, whether directly or indirectly, to an offer to the public of shares or debentures for subscription or purchase or to an invitation to the public to subscribe for or purchase shares or debentures, being an offer or invitation that, when the report is published, is open or is

Back to Top

intended to be made or issued, not being a reference to the principal business of the corporation in a case where the principal business of the corporation is the borrowing of money and the provision of finance; and (iii) is not accompanied by a registered prospectus or a notice described in sub-section 99 (3), and is a report that the corporation and its directors have taken all reasonable steps to ensure is not published in a form or manner in which it might be associated with a notice described in sub-section 99 (3); (d) a report published on behalf of a corporation by or on behalf of the directors of a corporation with the consent of the Commission; (e) a report that is a news report (whether or not with other comment), or is bona fide comment, published by a person in a newspaper or periodical or by broadcasting or televising relating to- (i) a registered prospectus or information contained in a registered prospectus; or (ii) a report referred to in paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d), if none of the following: (iii) that person; (iv) an agent or employee of that person; (v) where the report or comment is published in a newspaper or periodical-the publisher of the newspaper or periodical; or (vi) where the report or comment is published by broadcasting or televising-the licensee of the broadcasting or television station by which it is published, receives or is entitled to receive any consideration or other benefit from a person who has an interest in the success of the issue of shares or debentures to which the report or comment relates as an inducement to publish, or as the result of the publication of, the report or comment; (f) a report where the report is not published- (i) by or on behalf of a corporation to which the report relates or, whether directly or indirectly, at the instigation of, or by arrangement with, the corporation or the directors of the corporation; (ii) by or on behalf of the directors or promoters of a proposed corporation to which the report relates; or (iii) by or on behalf of a person who has an interest in the success of the issue of shares or debentures to which the report relates, and the person publishing the report does not receive and is not entitled to receive any consideration or other benefit from the corporation or any of the directors of the corporation or any of the directors or promoters of the proposed corporation, or from a person mentioned in sub-paragraph (iii), as an inducement to publish, or as the result of the publication of, the report; or (g) a report containing only matter that is prescribed matter for the purposes of this sub-section or relating only to a corporation that is, or is included in a class that is, prescribed for the purposes of this sub-section.

(5) A person shall not contravene this section or authorize or permit an act that constitutes a contravention of this section.

(6) Where a report relating to a corporation is published in contravention of this section by or with the authority or permission of an officer of the corporation, the corporation is guilty of an offence. Penalty: $2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 101. Evidentiary provisions, &c.

101. (1) In this section- ''notice'' means a notice within the meaning of section 99 or a report within the meaning of section 100; ''publish'' includes issue.

(2) A person who publishes a notice relating to a corporation or proposed corporation after he has received a certificate that-

Back to Top

(a) specifies the names of 2 directors of the corporation or 2 proposed directors of the proposed corporation and is signed by those directors or proposed directors; and (b) is to the effect that, by reason of sub-section 99 (4) or 100 (4), section 99 or 100, as the case may be, does not apply to the notice, is not guilty of an offence under section 99 or 100, as the case may be.

(3) Where a notice to which a certificate under sub-section (2) relates is published, each director or proposed director who signed that certificate shall, for the purposes of sections 99 and 100, be deemed to have published the notice.

(4) A person who publishes a notice to which a certificate under sub-section (2) relates shall, if the Commission requires him to do so, forthwith deliver the certificate to the Commission. Penalty: $1,000 or imprisonment for 3 months, or both.

(5) In proceedings for an offence under section 99 or 100, a certificate relating to a notice that purports to be a certificate under this section is prima facie evidence that- (a) when the certificate was issued, the persons named in the certificate as directors of the corporation or proposed directors of the proposed corporation, as the case may be, were the directors or proposed directors; (b) the signatures in the certificate purporting to be the signatures of the directors or proposed directors, as the case may be, are those signatures; and (c) the publication of the notice was authorized by those directors or proposed directors, as the case may be.

(6) Nothing in section 99, 100 or this section limits or diminishes the liability that a person may incur, otherwise than under section 99, 100 or this section, under any rule of law or under any other enactment.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 102. Retention of over-subscriptions in debenture issues

102. (1) A corporation shall not accept or retain subscriptions to a debenture issue in excess of the amount of the issue as disclosed in the prospectus unless the corporation has specified in the prospectus- (a) that it expressly reserves the right to accept or retain over-subscriptions; and (b) a limit on the amount of over-subscriptions that may be accepted or retained.

(2) Subject to section 98 and any regulations made for the purposes of paragraph 98 (1) (e), where a corporation specifies in a prospectus relating to a debenture issue that it reserves the right to accept or retain over-subscriptions- (a) the corporation shall not make, authorize or permit any statement or reference as to the asset-backing for the issue to be made or contained in any prospectus relating to the issue, other than a statement or reference to the total assets and the total liabilities of the corporation; and (b) the corporation shall set out in the prospectus a statement or reference as to what the total assets and total liabilities of the corporation would be if over-subscriptions to the limit specified in the prospectus were accepted or retained. Penalty: $2,500.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 103. Registration of prospectuses

103. (1) A prospectus shall not be issued by any person unless a copy of the prospectus has first been registered by the Commission under this Act or under the corresponding law of a participating State or a participating Territory.

(2) The Commission shall not register a copy of a prospectus under this Act unless- (a) the prospectus relates to a company or a registered foreign company; (b) the copy, signed by every director and by every person who is named in the prospectus as a proposed director of the company or foreign company or by his agent authorized in writing, is lodged with the Commission on or before the date of issue of the prospectus; (c) the prospectus appears to comply with the requirements of this Act; (d) there are also lodged with the Commission copies, verified by

Back to Top

statements in writing, of any consents required by section 106 to the issue of the prospectus and of all material contracts referred to in the prospectus or, in the case of such a contract not reduced to writing, a memorandum giving full particulars of the contract, verified by a statement in writing; and (e) the Commission is of the opinion that the prospectus does not contain any statement or matter that is false in a material particular or is materially misleading in the form or context in which it appears.

(3) If a prospectus is issued without a copy of the prospectus having been registered as required by this section, the corporation and any person who is knowingly a party to the issue of the prospectus are each guilty of an offence. Penalty: $20,000 or imprisonment for 5 years, or both.

(4) A company or foreign company in respect of which a copy of a prospectus has been registered under this section shall cause a true copy of every document referred to in paragraph (2) (d) to be deposited, within 7 days after registration of the copy of the prospectus, at the registered office of the company or foreign company in the Territory and shall keep each such copy for a period of at least 6 months after the registration of the copy of the prospectus for the inspection of any person without charge.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 104. Document containing offer of shares for sale deemed to be prospectus

104. (1) Where a corporation allots or issues or agrees to allot or issue to any person any shares in, or debentures of, the corporation with a view to all or any of them being offered for sale to the public, any document by which the offer for sale to the public is made shall, for all purposes, be deemed to be a prospectus issued by the corporation, and all enactments and rules of law- (a) relating to the contents of prospectuses and liability in respect of statements and non-disclosures in prospectuses, or otherwise relating to prospectuses; and (b) relating to the offering or to an intended offering to the public of shares or debentures for subscription or purchase, apply and have effect accordingly as if the shares or debentures had been offered to the public and as if persons accepting the offer in respect of any shares or debentures were subscribers for the shares or debentures, but without prejudice to the liability (if any) of the persons by whom the offer is made in respect of statements or non-disclosures in the document or otherwise.

(2) For the purposes of this Act, unless the contrary is proved, it is evidence that an allotment or issue of, or an agreement to allot or issue, shares or debentures was made with a view to the shares or debentures being offered for sale to the public if it is shown- (a) that an offer of the shares or debentures or of any of them for sale to the public was made within 6 months after the allotment or issue or agreement to allot or issue; or (b) that an offer of the shares or debentures or of any of them for sale to the public was made, and that, at the date when the offer was made, the corporation had not received the whole of the consideration to be received in respect of the shares or debentures.

(3) The requirements of this Division as to prospectuses have effect as though the persons making an offer to which this section relates were persons named in a prospectus as directors of a corporation.

(4) In addition to complying with the other requirements of this Division, the document making the offer shall state- (a) the net amount of the consideration received or to be received by the corporation in respect of shares or debentures to which the offer relates; and (b) the place and time at which the contract under which the shares or debentures have been or are to be allotted or issued may be inspected.

(5) Where an offer to which this section relates is made by a corporation or a firm, it is sufficient for the purposes of paragraph 103 (2) (b) if the document referred to in sub-section (1) is signed on behalf of the corporation or firm by 2 directors of the corporation or by members of the firm who constitute not less than one-half of the number of members of the firm, as the case may be, and any such director or member may sign by his agent authorized in writing.

(6) For the purposes of this section, an invitation to the public to make offers to purchase shares or debentures shall be deemed to constitute an offer of the shares or debentures for sale to the public and a person who makes an offer pursuant to such an invitation shall be deemed to be a person who accepted an offer of the shares for sale to the public that is so deemed to be constituted by the invitation.

Back to Top

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 105. Allotment or issue of shares or debentures where prospectus indicates

application for quotation on stock market 105. (1) Subject to this section, where a prospectus in relation to shares in, or debentures of, a corporation states that application has been or will be made to a stock exchange, whether in Australia or elsewhere, for permission for the shares or debentures to be listed for quotation on the stock market of that stock exchange and- (a) the permission is not applied for in the form for the time being required by that stock exchange before the third day on which that stock exchange is open after the date of issue of the prospectus; or (b) the permission is not granted before the expiration of a period of 6 weeks from the date of issue of the prospectus or such longer period, not exceeding 12 weeks, from the date of issue as is, within that period of 6 weeks, notified to the applicant by or on behalf of the stock exchange, any allotment or issue, whenever made, on an application pursuant to the prospectus is void and the corporation shall repay, in accordance with the succeeding provisions of this section, any money received by it from any person pursuant to the prospectus.

(2) Where a corporation is liable under sub-section (1) to repay money received pursuant to a prospectus- (a) the money shall be repaid forthwith without interest; and (b) if the money is not repaid- (i) where the liability to repay the money arose by reason of paragraph (1) (a)-within 14 days after the third day referred to in that paragraph; or (ii) where the liability to repay the money arose by reason of paragraph (1) (b), within 14 days after- (A) the period of 6 weeks first referred to in that paragraph; or (B) if a longer period has been notified under that paragraph-that longer period, then, in addition to the liability of the corporation to repay the money, the directors of the corporation are jointly and severally liable to repay the money with interest at the rate of 8% per annum (or, if another rate is prescribed, that other rate) calculated from the expiration of the 14 days referred to in sub-paragraph (i) or (ii), as the case requires.

(3) Where, in relation to any shares in, or debentures of, a corporation- (a) permission is not applied for as specified in paragraph (1) (a); or (b) permission is not granted as specified in paragraph (1) (b), the Commission may, by notice published in the Gazette, on the application of the corporation made before any share or debenture is purported to be allotted or issued, exempt the allotment of the shares or the issue of the debentures from the operation of this section.

(4) A director is not liable under this section if he proves that the default in the repayment of the money was not due to any misconduct or negligence on his part.

(5) Without limiting the application of any of the provisions of this section, this section has effect- (a) in relation to any shares or debentures agreed to be taken by a person underwriting an offer of, or invitation in relation to, those shares or debentures contained in a prospectus as if he had applied for those shares or debentures pursuant to the prospectus; and (b) in relation to a prospectus offering shares for sale or inviting offers to purchase shares, as if- (i) a reference to sale or purchase, as the case may be, were substituted for a reference to allotment; (ii) the persons by whom the offer is made or the invitation is issued, and not the corporation, were liable under this section to repay money received from applicants, and references to the corporation's liability under this section were construed accordingly; and (iii) for the reference in sub-section (6) to the corporation and any officer of the corporation who is in default there were substituted a reference to any person by or through whom the offer is made or the invitation is issued who knowingly authorizes or permits the default.

Back to Top

(6) All money received by a corporation pursuant to a prospectus as mentioned in the preceding provisions of this section shall be kept in a separate bank account so long as the corporation may become liable to repay it under this section and, if default is made in complying with this sub-section, the corporation and any officer of the corporation who is in default are each guilty of an offence. Penalty: $2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

(7) Where a stock exchange has, within the period applicable under paragraph (1) (b), granted permission subject to compliance with any requirements specified by the stock exchange, permission shall be deemed to have been granted by the stock exchange if the directors have given to the stock exchange an undertaking in writing to comply with the requirements of the stock exchange, but if any such undertaking is not complied with, each director who is in default is guilty of an offence. Penalty: $2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

(8) A person shall not issue a prospectus inviting persons to subscribe for, or offering to accept subscriptions for, shares in, or debentures of, a corporation if the prospectus includes- (a) an untrue statement that permission has been granted for those shares or debentures to be dealt in or quoted or listed for quotation on a stock market of a stock exchange; or (b) any statement in any way referring to any such permission or to any application or intended application for any such permission, or to dealing in or quoting or listing the shares or debentures on, or on a stock market of, a stock exchange, or to any requirements of a stock exchange, unless that statement is or is to the effect that permission has been granted or that application has been or will be made to the stock exchange within 3 days of the issue of the prospectus. Penalty: $5,000 or imprisonment for 1 year, or both.

(9) Any condition requiring or binding any applicant for shares or debentures to waive compliance with any requirement of this section, or purporting to do so, is void.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 106. Expert's consent to issue of prospectus containing statement by him

106. (1) A prospectus in relation to a corporation that includes a statement purporting to be made by an expert or to be based on a statement made by an expert shall not be issued unless- (a) the expert has given, and has not, before delivery of a copy of the prospectus for registration, withdrawn, his written consent to the issue of the prospectus with the statement included in the form and context in which it is included; and (b) there appears in the prospectus a statement that the expert has given, and has not withdrawn, his consent.

(2) If a prospectus is issued in contravention of this section, the corporation and any person who is knowingly a party to the issue of the prospectus are each guilty of an offence. Penalty: $2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 107. Civil liability for untrue statement or non-disclosure in prospectus

107. (1) Subject to this section, where a prospectus is issued in relation to a corporation, a person who- (a) is a director of the corporation at the time of the issue of the prospectus; (b) authorized or caused himself to be named and is named in the prospectus as a director or as having agreed to become a director either immediately or after an interval of time; (c) is a promoter of the corporation; or (d) authorized or caused the issue of the prospectus, is liable to pay compensation to all persons who subscribe for or purchase any shares or debentures or units of shares or debentures on the faith of the prospectus for any loss or damage sustained by reason of any untrue statement in the prospectus, or by reason of the non-disclosure in the prospectus of any matter of which he had knowledge and which he knew to be material.

(2) Notwithstanding anything in sub-section (1), an expert whose consent to the issue of a prospectus is required and who has given that consent is not, by reason only of having given that consent, liable under sub-section (1) as a

Back to Top

person who has authorized or caused the issue of the prospectus except in respect of- (a) an untrue statement in the prospectus purporting to be made by him as an expert; and (b) a non-disclosure in the prospectus of any material matter for which he is responsible in his capacity or purported capacity as an expert.

(3) For the purposes of sub-section (1), a person who is named in a prospectus as- (a) a trustee for holders of debentures of the corporation; (b) an auditor, banker, solicitor, stockbroker or share broker of the corporation or for or in relation to the issue or proposed issue of shares or debentures; or (c) a person performing any function in a professional, advisory or other capacity not mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) for the corporation or for or in relation to the issue or proposed issue of shares or debentures, shall not, for that reason alone, be taken to have authorized the issue of the prospectus.

(4) For the purposes of sub-section (1), a statement shall be deemed to be in a prospectus if it is contained in any report or memorandum that appears on the face of, or is issued with, the prospectus, or is incorporated by reference in the prospectus, whether the reference occurs in the prospectus or in any other document.

(5) Subject to sub-section (6), a person, other than a person to whom sub-section (7) applies, is not liable under sub-section (1) if he proves- (a) that, having consented to become a director of the corporation, he withdrew his consent before the issue of the prospectus, and that it was issued without his authority or consent; (b) that the prospectus was issued without his knowledge or consent and- (i) when he became aware of the issue of the prospectus, he forthwith gave reasonable public notice that it was issued without his knowledge; or (ii) he gave reasonable public notice that the prospectus was issued without his consent forthwith after it was issued, as the case may be; (c) that, after the issue of the prospectus and before any allotment, issue or sale under the prospectus, he, on becoming aware of any untrue statement in the prospectus, withdrew his consent to the issue of the prospectus and gave reasonable public notice of the withdrawal and of the reason for the withdrawal; or (d) that- (i) as regards every untrue statement not purporting to be made on the authority of an expert or of a public official document or statement, he had reasonable grounds to believe, and did until the time of the allotment, issue or sale of the shares or debentures believe, that the statement was true; (ii) as regards every untrue statement purporting to be a statement made by an expert or to be based on a statement made by an expert or contained in what purports to be a copy of, or extract from, a report or valuation of an expert, it fairly represented the statement, or was a correct and fair copy of, or extract from, the report or valuation, and he had reasonable grounds to believe, and did until the time of the issue of the prospectus believe, that the person making the statement was competent to make it and that that person had given the consent required by section 106 to the issue of the prospectus and had not withdrawn that consent before delivery of a copy of the prospectus for registration, or, to the defendant's knowledge, before any allotment, issue or sale under the prospectus; and (iii) as regards every untrue statement purporting to be a statement made by an official person or contained in what purports to be a copy of, or extract from, a public official document, it was a correct and fair representation of the statement or a correct and fair copy of, or extract from, the document.

(6) Sub-section (5) does not apply in the case of a person who is liable, by reason of his having given a consent required of him by section 106, as a person who has authorized or caused the issue of the prospectus in respect of an untrue statement purporting to have been made by him as an expert.

(7) A person who, apart from this sub-section, would under sub-section (1) be liable, by reason of his having given a consent required of him by section

Back to Top

106, as a person who has authorized the issue of a prospectus, in respect of an untrue statement purporting to be made by him as an expert is not so liable if he proves- (a) that, having given his consent under section 106 to the issue of the prospectus, he withdrew it in writing before a copy of the prospectus was lodged with the Commission; (b) that, after a copy of the prospectus was lodged with the Commission and before any allotment, issue or sale under the prospectus, he, on becoming aware of the untrue statement, withdrew his consent in writing and gave reasonable public notice of the withdrawal and of the reasons for the withdrawal; or (c) that he was competent to make the statement and that he had reasonable grounds to believe, and did until the time of the allotment, issue or sale of the shares or debentures believe, that the statement was true.

(8) Where- (a) a prospectus in relation to a corporation contains the name of a person as a director of the corporation, or as having agreed to become a director, and that person has not consented to become a director, or has withdrawn his consent before the issue of the prospectus, and has not authorized or consented to the issue of the prospectus; or (b) the consent of a person is required under section 106 to the issue of the prospectus and he either has not given that consent or has withdrawn it before the issue of the prospectus, the directors of the corporation, except any without whose knowledge or consent the prospectus was issued, and any other person who authorized or caused the issue of the prospectus are jointly and severally liable to indemnify the person so named or whose consent was so required against all damages, costs and expenses to which he may be made liable by reason of his name having been so inserted in the prospectus or by reason of the inclusion in the prospectus of a statement purporting to be made by him as an expert, or in defending himself against any action or other legal proceeding brought against him by reason of his name having been so inserted in the prospectus or the inclusion in the prospectus of such a statement.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 108. Criminal liability for untrue statement or non-disclosure in prospectus

108. (1) Where in a prospectus there is any untrue statement or non-disclosure, any person who authorized or caused the issue of the prospectus is guilty of an offence unless he proves- (a) that the statement or non-disclosure was immaterial; (b) that he had reasonable grounds to believe, and did until the time of the issue of the prospectus believe, that the statement was true or the non-disclosure was immaterial; or (c) where there was in the prospectus a non-disclosure-that the non-disclosure was inadvertent. Penalty: $20,000 or imprisonment for 5 years, or both.

(2) For the purposes of sub-section (1), a statement shall be deemed to be in a prospectus if it is contained in any report or memorandum that appears on the face of, or is issued with, the prospectus, or is incorporated by reference in the prospectus, whether the reference occurs in the prospectus or in any other document.

(3) A person shall not be taken for the purposes of this section to have authorized or caused the issue of a prospectus by reason only of his having given the consent required by this Division to the inclusion in the prospectus of a statement purporting to be made by him as an expert.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 109. Power to exempt from compliance with Division or to declare that Division applies as if modified

109. (1) The Commission may, by instrument in writing, exempt a person, as specified in the instrument and subject to such conditions (if any) as are specified in the instrument, from compliance with all or any of the requirements of this Division.

(2) A person who is exempted by the Commission, subject to a condition, from compliance with a requirement of this Division shall not contravene or fail to comply with the condition.

(3) Where a person has contravened or failed to comply with a condition to which an exemption under sub-section (1) is subject, the Court may, on the application of the Commission, order the person to comply with the condition.

(4) The Commission may, by instrument in writing, declare that this Division shall have effect in its application to or in relation to a particular person

Back to Top

or persons in a particular case as if a provision or provisions of this Division specified in the instrument were omitted, modified or varied in a manner specified in the instrument, and, where such a declaration is made, this Division has effect accordingly.

(5) A copy of an instrument executed under this section shall be published in the Gazette.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 110. Prohibition of allotment unless minimum subscription received

Division 2-Restrictions on Allotment and Variation of Contracts 110. (1) A company shall not make an allotment of shares in the company that have been offered to the public or in respect of which an invitation has been issued to the public unless- (a) the minimum subscription has been subscribed; and (b) the sum payable on application for the shares so subscribed has been received by the company.

(2) For the purposes of sub-section (1), where a company has, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, received a cheque for the sum payable on application for an allotment of shares in the company, the sum shall be deemed not to have been received by the company until the cheque is paid by the bank on which it is drawn.

(3) In ascertaining for the purposes of sub-section (1) whether the minimum subscription has been subscribed in relation to an allotment of shares, there shall, in respect of each share for the allotment of which an application has been made, be deemed to have been subscribed an amount equal to the sum of- (a) the nominal value of that share; and (b) if the share is, or is to be, issued at a premium-the amount of the premium payable on the share, less any amount payable otherwise than in cash.

(4) Except in the case of a no liability company, the amount payable on application for each share that has been offered to the public or in respect of which an invitation has been issued to the public shall be not less than 5% of the nominal amount of the share.

(5) If the conditions referred to in paragraphs (1) (a) and (b) have not been satisfied on the expiration of 4 months after the issue of the prospectus, the company shall repay, in accordance with the succeeding provisions of this section, all money received from applicants for shares.

(6) Where a company is liable, under sub-section (5), to repay money received from applicants for shares- (a) the money shall be repaid without interest within 7 days after the company becomes so liable; and (b) if the money is not repaid within 7 days after the company becomes so liable- (i) the directors of the company are, subject to sub-section (7), jointly and severally liable to repay the money with interest at the rate of 8% per annum (or if another rate is prescribed, that other rate) calculated from the expiration of the period of 7 days; and (ii) each director of the company is guilty of an offence. Penalty: $2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

(7) A director of a company is not liable under sub-paragraph (6) (b) (i), and is not guilty of an offence under sub-paragraph (6) (b) (ii), if he proves that the default in the repayment of the money was not due to any misconduct or negligence on his part.

(8) An allotment made by a company to an applicant in contravention of the provisions of this section is voidable at the option of the applicant and is so voidable notwithstanding that the company is in the course of being wound up.

(9) An option referred to in sub-section (8) is exercisable by notice in writing served on the company- (a) in the case of an allotment made by a company that is not required to hold a statutory meeting-within one month after the date of the allotment; and (b) in the case of an allotment made by a company that is required to hold a statutory meeting- (i) if the company holds the statutory meeting within the period specified in sub-section 239 (1)-within one month after the date of the allotment or the holding of the statutory meeting, whichever is the later; or

Back to Top

(ii) if the company fails to hold the statutory meeting within that period-within one month after the expiration of that period or the date of the allotment, whichever is the later.

(10) A director of a company who knowingly contravenes, or permits or authorizes the contravention of, any of the provisions of this section is guilty of an offence and is liable, in addition to the penalty or punishment for the offence, to compensate the company and any person to whom an allotment has been made in contravention of this section respectively for any loss, damages or costs that the company or the person has sustained or incurred by reason of the allotment, but no proceedings for the recovery of any such compensation shall be commenced after the expiration of 2 years from the date of the allotment.

(11) Any condition requiring or binding an applicant for shares to waive compliance with any requirement of this section, or purporting to do so, is void.

(12) A company shall not allot or issue, and an officer or promoter of a company or a proposed company shall not authorize or permit to be allotted or issued, shares or debentures on the basis of a prospectus after the expiration of 6 months from the issue of the prospectus. Penalty: $2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

(13) Where an allotment or issue of shares or debentures is made on the basis of a prospectus after the expiration of 6 months from the issue of the prospectus, the allotment is not, by reason only of that fact, voidable or void.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 111. Application moneys to be held in trust until allotment

111. (1) Where, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, shares or debentures have been offered to the public or invitations have been issued to the public in respect of shares or debentures, all application moneys and other moneys paid, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, by an applicant on account of the shares or debentures before the allotment or issue of the shares or debentures shall, until the allotment or issue of the shares or debentures, be held by the company on trust for the applicant in a bank account, being a bank account established and kept by the company solely for the purpose of depositing application moneys and other moneys paid by applicants for those shares or debentures, but there is no obligation or duty on any bank with whom any such moneys have been deposited to inquire into or see to the proper application of those moneys so long as the bank acts in good faith.

(2) If default is made in complying with this section, the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence. Penalty: $2,500 or imprisonment for 6 months, or both.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 112. Restriction on varying contracts referred to in prospectus

112. A company shall not, before the statutory meeting, vary the terms of a contract referred to in the prospectus unless the variation is made subject to the approval of the statutory meeting.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 113. Return as to allotments

Division 3-Shares 113. (1) Where a company makes an allotment of its shares, or shares in a company are deemed to have been allotted under sub-section (6), the company shall, within one month after the allotment is made or deemed to have been made, lodge with the Commission a return of the allotment stating- (a) the number and nominal amounts of the shares comprised in the allotment; (b) the amount (if any) paid, deemed to be paid or due and payable on the allotment of each share; (c) where the capital of the company is divided into shares of different classes-the class of shares to which each share comprised in the allotment belongs; and (d) subject to sub-section (2), the full name, or the surname and at least one Christian or given name and other initials, and the address of each of the allottees and the number and class of shares allotted to him.

(2) The particulars mentioned in paragraph (1) (d) need not be included in a return- (a) where shares have been allotted for cash by a no liability company; (b) where a company to which the provisions of sub-section 265 (1) apply has allotted shares for cash; or

Back to Top

(c) where a company to which the provisions of that sub-section apply has allotted shares for a consideration other than cash and the number of persons to whom the shares have been allotted exceeds 500.

(3) Where shares in a company are allotted, or deemed to have been allotted, as fully or partly paid up otherwise than in cash and the allotment is made pursuant to a contract in writing, the company shall lodge with the return the contract evidencing the entitlement of the allottee or a certified copy of any such contract.

(4) If a certified copy of a contract is lodged in accordance with sub-section (3), the original contract duly stamped shall be produced at the same time to the Commission.

(5) Where shares in a company are allotted, or are deemed to have been allotted, as fully or partly paid up otherwise than in cash and the allotment is made- (a) pursuant to a contract not reduced to writing; (b) pursuant to a provision in the memorandum or articles of the company; (c) in satisfaction of a dividend declared in favour of, but not payable in cash to, the shareholders; or (d) pursuant to the application of moneys held by the company in an account or reserve in paying up or partly paying up unissued shares to which the shareholders have become entitled, the company shall lodge with the return a statement containing such particulars as are prescribed.

(6) For the purposes of this section, any shares in a company that the subscribers to the memorandum have agreed in the memorandum to take shall be deemed to have been allotted to those subscribers on the date of the incorporation of the company.

(7) If default is made in complying with this section, the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 114. Differences in calls and payments, reserve liability, &c.

114. (1) A company, if so authorized by its articles, may- (a) make arrangements on the issue of shares for varying the amounts and times of payment of calls as between shareholders; (b) accept from a member the whole or a part of the amount remaining unpaid on any shares although no part of that amount has been called up; and (c) except in the case of a no liability company, pay dividends in proportion to the amount paid up on each share where a larger amount is paid up on some shares than on others.

(2) A limited company may, by special resolution, determine that any portion of its share capital that has not been already called up is not capable of being called up except in the event and for the purposes of the company being wound up, and thereupon that portion of the company's share capital is not capable of being called up except in the event and for the purposes of the company being wound up, but no such resolution prejudices any rights acquired by a person before the passing of the resolution.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 115. Share warrants

115. A company shall not issue any share warrant.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 116. Restriction on application of capital of company

116. (1) Except as provided by section 117 or 118, a company shall not apply any of its shares or capital money either directly or indirectly in making a payment to a person in consideration of his subscribing or agreeing to subscribe, whether absolutely or conditionally, or procuring or agreeing to procure subscriptions, whether absolute or conditional, for any shares in the company, whether the shares are or the money is so applied by being added to the purchase price of property acquired by the company or to the contract price of work to be executed for the company or the money is paid out of the nominal purchase price or contract price or otherwise.

(2) Without limiting the generality of sub-section (1), except as provided by section 117 or 118, a company shall not issue shares at a discount.

(3) If a company contravenes this section, the company is, notwithstanding section 570, not guilty of an offence against this Act but each officer of the company who is in default is guilty of an offence. Penalty: $1,000 or imprisonment for 3 months, or both.

(4) Where-

Back to Top

(a) a person is convicted of an offence under this section in relation to a company; and (b) the court by which he was convicted is satisfied that the company has suffered loss or damage as a result of the act that constituted the offence, that court may, in addition to imposing a penalty, order the covicted person to pay compensation to the company of such amount as that court specifies, and any such order may be enforced as if it were a judgment of that court.

(5) Where a contravention of this section takes place- (a) if a person other than the company concerned, being a person who was, at the time of the contravention, aware of the matters constituting the contravention, has made a profit as a result of the contravention, the company may, whether or not that person or any other person has been convicted of an offence under sub-section (3) in relation to that contravention, recover from the person as a debt due to the company by action in any court of competent jurisdiction an amount equal to the profit; and (b) where the company concerned has suffered loss or damage as a result of the contravention-the company may recover an amount equal to the loss or damage from any person who is in default, whether or not that person or any other person has been convicted of an offence under sub-section (3) in relation to that contravention, as a debt due to the company by action in any court of competent jurisdiction.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 117. Power to make certain payments

117. (1) A company may make a payment to a person in consideration of his subscribing or agreeing to subscribe, whether absolutely or conditionally, for shares in the company, or procuring or agreeing to procure subscriptions, whether absolute or conditional, for shares in the company if- (a) the payment is not prohibited by the memorandum or articles; (b) the payment does not exceed- (i) 10% of the total of the amounts payable in respect of the shares upon their allotment; or (ii) such amounts (if any), or an amount calculated in accordance with such rate (if any), as is authorized by the articles, whichever is the less; (c) the amount or rate of the payment is disclosed in the prospectus in respect of the shares or, if there is no such prospectus, in a statement lodged with the Commission before the company becomes liable to make the payment; and (d) the number of shares for which persons have agreed, for a payment, to subscribe absolutely is set out in that prospectus or statement.

(2) For the purposes of this section, the allowance of a discount by a company shall be taken to be the making of a payment by the company.

(3) A vendor to, promoter of, or person who receives payment in money or shares from, a company may apply any part of the money or shares so received in making any payment that would, if it were made directly by the company, be lawful under this section.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 118. Power to issue shares at a discount

118. (1) A no liability company may issue shares at a discount.

(2) Subject to this section, a company other than a no liability company may issue at a discount shares included in a class of shares already issued if- (a) the issue of the shares at a discount- (i) is authorized by resolution passed in general meeting of the company; and (ii) is confirmed by order of the Court; (b) the resolution specifies the maximum rate of discount at which the shares are to be issued; (c) the shares are issued within one month after the date on which the issue is confirmed by order of the Court or within such extended time as the Court allows; and (d) the shares are first offered to every holder of shares in the company of that class in proportion to the number of shares of that class held by

Back to Top

him.

(3) The Court may, if having regard to all the circumstances of the case it thinks proper to do so, make an order confirming the issue on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit.

(4) A prospectus relating to the issue of the shares shall contain particulars of the discount allowed or of so much of that discount as has not been written off at the date of the issue of the prospectus.

(5) If default is made in complying with sub-section (4), the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence. Penalty: $1,000 or imprisonment for 3 months, or both.

(6) An offer made for the purposes of paragraph (2) (d) shall be made by notice specifying the number of shares to which the member is entitled, and specifying a period, being not less than 21 days from the date of the notice, within which the offer may be accepted.

(7) If an offer in respect of shares made in accordance with sub-section (6) is not accepted within the period specified by the notice, the shares may be issued on terms not more favourable than those offered to the shareholders.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 119. Issue of shares at premium

119. (1) Where a company issues shares for which a premium is received by the company, whether in cash or in the form of other valuable consideration, a sum equal to the aggregate amount or value of the premiums on those shares shall be transferred to an account to be called the ''share premium account'', and the provisions of this Act relating to the reduction of the share capital of a company, other than sub-section 123 (6) apply, subject to this section, as if the share premium account were paid-up share capital of the company.

(2) The share premium account may be applied- (a) in paying up unissued shares to be issued to members of the company as fully paid bonus shares; (b) in paying up in whole or in part the balance unpaid on shares previously issued to members of the company; (c) in the payment of dividends, if those dividends are satisfied by the issue of shares to members of the company; (d) in the case of a company that carries on life insurance business in Australia-by appropriation or transfer to any statutory fund established and maintained pursuant to the Life Insurance Act 1945; (e) in writing off- (i) the preliminary expenses of the company; or (ii) the expenses of, or the payment made in respect of or discount allowed on, any issue of shares in, or debentures of, the company; or (f) in providing for the premium payable on redemption of debentures or redeemable preference shares.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 120. Redeemable preference shares

120. (1) Subject to this section, a company having a share capital may, if so authorized by its articles, issue preference shares that are, or at the option of the company are to be, liable to be redeemed.

(2) The redemption shall not be taken to reduce the authorized share capital of the company.

(3) The shares shall not be redeemed- (a) except on such terms and in such manner as are provided by the articles; (b) except out of profits that would otherwise be available for dividends or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purposes of the redemption; and (c) unless they are fully paid-up.

(4) The premium (if any) payable on redemption shall be provided for out of profits or out of the share premium account.

(5) Where redeemable preference shares are redeemed otherwise than out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares, there shall, out of profits that would otherwise have been available for dividends, be transferred to a reserve called the ''capital redemption reserve'' a sum equal to the nominal amount of the shares redeemed, and the provisions of this Act relating to the reduction of the share capital of a company, other than sub-section 123 (6), apply, except as provided by this section, as if the capital redemption reserve were paid-up share capital of the company.

Back to Top

(6) Where, pursuant to this section, a company has redeemed or is about to redeem any preference shares, it may issue shares up to the sum of the nominal values of the shares redeemed or to be redeemed as if those preference shares had never been issued.

(7) The capital redemption reserve may be applied in paying up unissued shares of the company to be issued to members of the company as fully-paid bonus shares.

(8) Where a company redeems any redeemable preference shares, it shall, within 14 days after so doing, lodge with the Commission a notice specifying the shares redeemed.

(9) Shares shall be taken to have been redeemed notwithstanding that a cheque given in payment of the amount payable upon redemption of the shares has not been presented for payment.

(10) If a company fails to comply with this section, the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 121. Power of company to alter its share capital

121. (1) A company may, if so authorized by its articles, by resolution passed in general meeting alter the provisions of its memorandum in any one or more of the following ways: (a) by increasing its share capital by the creation of new shares of such amount as it thinks expedient; (b) by consolidating and dividing all or any of its share capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares; (c) by converting, or providing for the conversion of, all or any of its paid-up shares into stock or re-converting, or providing for the re-conversion of, that stock into paid-up shares of any denomination; (d) by subdividing its shares or any of them into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the memorandum, but so that, in the subdivision, the proportion between the amount paid and the amount (if any) unpaid on each share of a smaller amount is the same as it was in the case of the share from which the share of a smaller amount is derived; (e) by cancelling shares that, at the date of the passing of the resolution to that effect, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person or that have been forfeited and by reducing the amount of the company's share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled.

(2) A cancellation of shares under this section shall be deemed not to be a reduction of share capital within the meaning of this Act.

(3) An unlimited company having a share capital may, by any resolution passed for the purposes of sub-section 69 (1), do either or both of the following: (a) increase the nominal amount of its share capital by increasing the nominal amount of each of its shares, but subject to the condition that no part of the increased capital may be called up except in the event and for the purposes of the company being wound up; (b) provide that a specified portion of its uncalled share capital may not be called up except in the event and for the purposes of the company being wound up.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 122. Validation of shares improperly issued

122. (1) Where a company has purported to issue or allot shares and- (a) the creation, issue or allotment of those shares is invalid by reason of any provision of this or any other Act or of the memorandum or articles of the company or for any other reason; or (b) the terms of the purported issue or allotment are inconsistent with or are not authorized by any such provision, the Court may, upon application made by the company, by a holder or mortgagee of any of those shares or by a creditor of the company and upon being satisfied that in all the circumstances it is just and equitable so to do, make an order- (c) validating the purported issue or allotment of those shares; or (d) confirming the terms of the purported issue or allotment of the shares, or both.

(2) Upon an office copy of an order made under sub-section (1) being lodged with the Commission, the shares to which the order relates shall be deemed to have been validly issued or allotted upon the terms of the issue or allotment

Back to Top

of the shares.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 123. Special resolution for reduction of share capital

123. (1) Subject to confirmation by the Court, a company may, if so authorized by its articles, by special resolution reduce its share capital in any way and in particular, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, may do all or any of the following: (a) extinguish or reduce the liability on any of its shares in respect of share capital not paid up; (b) cancel any paid-up share capital that is lost or is not represented by available assets; or (c) pay off any paid-up share capital that is in excess of the needs of the company, and may, so far as necessary, alter its memorandum by reducing the amount of its share capital and of its shares accordingly.

(2) A reduction in the paid-up share capital of a company does not of itself operate to reduce the nominal share capital of the company.

(3) Where the proposed reduction of share capital involves either diminution of liability in respect of unpaid share capital or the payment to any shareholder of any paid-up share capital, and in any other case if the Court so directs- (a) every creditor of the company who, at the date fixed by the Court, is entitled to any debt or claim that, if that date were the date of commencement of the winding up of the company, would be admissible in proof against the company, is entitled to object to the reduction; (b) the Court, unless satisfied on affidavit that there are no such creditors, shall settle a list of the names of creditors entitled to object and, for that purpose, shall ascertain as far as possible, without requiring an application from any creditor, the names of those creditors and the nature and amount of their debts or claims, and may publish notices fixing a final day on or before which creditors whose names are not entered on the list may claim to be so entered; and (c) where a creditor whose name is entered on the list, and whose debt has not been discharged or whose claim has not determined, does not consent to the reduction, the Court may dispense with the consent of that creditor on the company securing payment of his debt or claim by appropriating as the Court directs- (i) if the company admits the full amount of the debt or claim or, though not admitting it, is willing to provide for it-the full amount of the debt or claim; or (ii) if the company does not admit and is not willing to provide for the full amount of the debt or claim or if the amount is contingent or not ascertained-an amount fixed by the Court after the like inquiry and adjudication as if the company were being wound up by the Court.

(4) The Court may, having regard to any special circumstances of any case, direct that all or any of the provisions of sub-section (3) shall not apply in respect of creditors included in a class of creditors.

(5) The Court may, if satisfied with respect to each creditor who under sub-section (3) is entitled to object, that- (a) his consent to the reduction has been obtained; (b) his debt has been discharged or secured; or (c) his claim has determined or has been secured, make an order confirming the reduction on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit.

(6) An order made under sub-section (5) shall show- (a) the amount of the share capital of the company as altered by the order; (b) the number of shares into which the share capital is to be divided; (c) the amount of each share; and (d) the amount (if any) that at the date of the order is deemed to be paid up on each share.

(7) A company shall not act upon a resolution for the reduction of share capital before the date on which a certified copy of the resolution and an office copy of the order of the Court have been lodged with the Commission but

Back to Top

such a resolution may specify a date, earlier than the first-mentioned date but not earlier than the date of the resolution, as the date from which the reduction of capital is to have retrospective effect.

(8) A certificate of the Commission stating that a certified copy of the resolution and an office copy of the order made under sub-section (5) have been registered by the Commission is conclusive evidence that all the requirements of this Act with respect to reduction of share capital have been complied with in respect of the company and that the share capital of the company is such amount as is stated in the order.

(9) Upon lodgment of a copy of an order as mentioned in sub-section (7), the particulars shown in the order pursuant to sub-section (6) shall be deemed to be substituted for the corresponding particulars in the memorandum and the substitution shall be deemed to be an alteration of the memorandum for the purposes of this Act.

(10) A member of a company, past or present, is not liable in respect of any share in the company to any call or contribution exceeding in amount the difference (if any) between the amount of the share as fixed by an order made under sub-section (5) and the amount paid, or the reduced amount (if any) that is deemed to have been paid, on the share (as the case may be) but, where the name of a creditor who is entitled under sub-section (3) to object to a reduction is, by reason of his ignorance of the proceedings for reduction or of their nature and effect with respect to his claim, not entered on the list of creditors, and after the reduction the company is unable, within the meaning of the provisions of this Act with respect to winding up by the Court, to pay the amount of his debt or claim- (a) every person who was a member of the company at the date of the registration of the copy of the order for reduction is liable to contribute for the payment of that debt or claim an amount not exceeding the amount that he would have been liable to contribute if the company had commenced to be wound up on the day before that date; and (b) if the company is wound up, the Court, on the application of any such creditor and proof of his ignorance of the proceedings for reduction or of their nature and effect with respect to his claim, may, if it thinks fit, settle accordingly a list of the names of persons liable to contribute by reason of paragraph (a) and make and enforce calls and orders on the contributories whose names are included in the list as if they were ordinary contributories in a winding up, but nothing in this sub-section affects the rights of the contributories among themselves.

(11) An officer of a company who- (a) knowingly conceals the name of a creditor entitled to object to a reduction in the share capital of the company; or (b) knowingly misrepresents the nature or amount of the debt or claim of any creditor of the company, is guilty of an offence. Penalty: $10,000 or imprisonment for 2 years, or both.

(12) This section does not apply to an unlimited company, but nothing in this Act precludes an unlimited company from reducing in any way its share capital, including any amount in its share premium account.

(13) The granting by a company to a member of the company of a right to occupy or use land, or a building or part of a building, owned or held under lease by the company, whether for consideration or not, shall not be regarded as being a reduction of the share capital of the company if it is made pursuant to a provision of the memorandum or articles of the company under which a member of the company may, by virtue of his being such a member, be granted such a right, whether the provision provides for consideration to be given for it or not.

(14) Sub-section (13) applies whether the grant is by way of lease, underlease, licence or otherwise, and whether or not, in the case of a grant in respect of a building or part of a building, the grant also entitles the member to a right of use of a garage, outbuilding or other structure or of a passage, stairway or convenience of a building or of land appurtenant to the building or part of the building.

(15) This section does not apply in relation to a reduction of capital, or to a cancellation of shares that have been allotted, where the reduction or cancellation results from, or is necessary by reason of, the operation of the Companies (Acquisition of Shares) Act 1980 or a corresponding law of a participating State or participating Territory, or of regulations made under that Act or under such a corresponding law, and nothing in this Act operates to invalidate any such reduction of capital or cancellation of shares.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 124. Commission to be informed of special rights carried by, or division or conversion of, shares

124. (1) Where a company allots shares to which are attached rights that are
Back to Top

not provided for in the memorandum or articles of the company or in a resolution or document to which section 251 applies, the company shall, unless the rights attached to the shares are in all respects the same as the rights attached to shares previously allotted, lodge with the Commission, within one month after the allotment of the shares, a statement containing particulars of those rights.

(2) Where- (a) shares in a company that were not previously divided into classes are so divided; or (b) shares in a company that are of one class are converted into shares of another class, the company shall, within one month after the division or conversion, lodge with the Commission a return in the prescribed form showing particulars of the division or conversion.

(3) If a company contravenes this section, the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 125. Rights of holders of classes of shares

125. (1) This section applies to a company having a share capital that is divided into classes of shares.

(2) Where- (a) rights are attached to shares included in a class of shares; (b) no provision is made by the memorandum or articles for the variation or abrogation of those rights; and (c) neither the memorandum nor the articles declares or declare those rights to be unalterable, the company may, with the consent in writing of the holders of three-quarters of the issued shares included in that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a meeting of the holders of those shares, vary or abrogate those rights or alter the memorandum or articles so as to authorize the variation or abrogation of those rights.

(3) Where- (a) rights are attached to shares included in a class of shares; and (b) provision is made by the memorandum or articles authorizing the variation or abrogation of those rights with the consent of a specified proportion of the holders of the issued shares included in that class or with the sanction of a resolution of a kind specified in the memorandum or articles passed at a meeting of the holders of those shares, the memorandum or articles shall not be altered so as to vary or abrogate, or to authorize the variation or abrogation of, those rights, except with the consent of that proportion of the holders of those shares or with the sanction of such a resolution passed at a meeting of the holders of those shares.

(4) Where rights are attached to shares included in a class of shares and- (a) those rights are at any time varied or abrogated; or (b) the memorandum or articles is or are altered so as to authorize the variation or abrogation of those rights, the holders of not less in the aggregate than 10% of the issued shares included in that class may apply to the Court to have the variation or abrogation of the rights, or the alteration of the memorandum or articles, as the case may be, set aside and, if such an application is made, the variation or abrogation, or the alteration, does not have effect until confirmed by the Court.

(5) An application under sub-section (4) shall be made within 28 days after the variation, abrogation or alteration referred to in that sub-section was made and may be made, on behalf of the shareholders entitled to make the application, by such one or more of their number as they appoint in writing.

(6) On the application, the Court may, after hearing the applicant and any other persons who apply to the Court to be heard and appear to the Court to be interested, if it is satisfied that the variation, abrogation or alteration would unfairly prejudice the members of the class represented by the applicant, set aside the variation, abrogation or alteration, as the case may be, and shall, if not so satisfied, confirm it.

(7) A company shall, within 14 days after the making of an order by the Court on an application under this section, lodge an office copy of the order with the Commission and, if the company fails to comply with this provision, the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

(8) For the purposes of this section, the allotment by a company of preference shares ranking equally with existing preference shares shall be deemed to be a variation of the rights attached to those existing preference

Back to Top

shares unless the allotment of the first-mentioned shares was authorized by the terms of allotment of the existing preference shares or by the memorandum or articles in force at the time when the existing preference shares were allotted.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 126. Rights of holders of shares

126. (1) This section applies to a company having a share capital that is not divided into classes of shares.

(2) Where- (a) rights are attached to shares in a company; (b) no provision is made by the memorandum or articles for the variation or abrogation of those rights; and (c) neither the memorandum nor the articles declares or declare those rights to be unalterable, the company may, with the consent in writing of the holders of three-quarters of the issued shares in the company or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a meeting of the holders of those shares, vary or abrogate those rights or alter the memorandum or articles so as to authorize the variation or abrogation of those rights.

(3) Where- (a) rights are attached to shares in a company; and (b) provision is made by the memorandum or articles authorizing the variation or abrogation of those rights with the consent of a specified proportion of the holders of the issued shares in the company or with the sanction of a resolution of a kind specified in the memorandum or articles passed at a meeting of the holders of those shares, the memorandum or articles shall not be altered so as to vary or abrogate, or to authorize the variation or abrogation of, those rights, except with the consent of that proportion of the holders of those shares or with the sanction of such a resolution passed at a meeting of the holders of those shares.

(4) Where rights are attached to shares in a company and- (a) those rights are at any time varied or abrogated; or (b) the memorandum or articles is or are altered so as to authorize the variation or abrogation of those rights, the holders of not less in the aggregate than 10% of the issued shares in the company may apply to the Court to have the variation or abrogation of the rights, or the alteration of the memorandum or articles, as the case may be, set aside and, if such an application is made, the variation or abrogation, or the alteration, does not have effect until confirmed by the Court.

(5) An application under sub-section (4) shall be made within 28 days after the variation, abrogation or alteration referred to in that sub-section was made and may be made, on behalf of the shareholders entitled to make the application, by such one or more of their number as they appoint in writing.

(6) On the application, the Court may, after hearing the applicant and any other persons who apply to the Court to be heard and appear to the Court to be interested, if it is satisfied that the variation, abrogation or alteration would unfairly prejudice the shareholders of the company, set aside the variation, abrogation or alteration, as the case may be, and shall, if not so satisfied, confirm it.

(7) A company shall, within 14 days after the making of an order by the Court on an application under this section, lodge an office copy of the order with the Commission and, if the company fails to comply with this provision, the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

(8) For the purposes of this section- (a) the allotment by a company of shares to which are attached rights that are not provided for in the memorandum or articles of the company or in a resolution or document to which section 251 applies shall be deemed to be a variation of the rights attached to shares previously issued unless the rights attached to the first-mentioned shares are in all respects the same as the rights attached to shares previously issued; and (b) the division of shares in a company into classes of shares shall be deemed to be a variation of the rights attached to those shares unless, in relation to each share in the company, the rights attached to that share are in all respects the same after the division as they were before the division.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 127. Rights of classes of members

127. (1) This section applies to a company not having a share capital.

(2) Where-

Back to Top

(a) members of the company included in a class of members have special rights; (b) no provision is made by the memorandum or articles for the variation or abrogation of those rights; and (c) neither the memorandum nor the articles declares or declare those rights to be unalterable, the company may, with the consent in writing of three-quarters of the members included in that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a meeting of members included in that class, vary or abrogate those rights or alter the memorandum or articles so as to authorize the variation or abrogation of those rights.

(3) Where- (a) members of the company included in a class of members have special rights; and (b) provision is made by the memorandum or articles authorizing the variation or abrogation of those rights with the consent of a specified proportion of the members included in that class or with the sanction of a resolution of a kind specified in the memorandum or articles passed at a meeting of the members included in that class, the memorandum or articles shall not be altered so as to vary or abrogate, or to authorize the variation or abrogation of, those rights, except with the consent of that proportion of the members included in that class or with the sanction of such a resolution passed at a meeting of those members.

(4) Where members of the company included in a class of members have special rights and- (a) those rights are at any time varied or abrogated; or (b) the memorandum or articles is or are altered so as to authorize the variation or abrogation of those rights, members included in that class who constitute not less than 10% of the members included in that class may apply to the Court to have the variation or abrogation of the rights, or the alteration of the memorandum or articles, as the case may be, set aside and, if such an application is made, the variation or abrogation, or the alteration, does not have effect until confirmed by the Court.

(5) An application under sub-section (4) shall be made within 28 days after the variation, abrogation or alteration referred to in that sub-section was made and may be made, on behalf of the members entitled to make the application, by such one or more of their number as they appoint in writing.

(6) On the application, the Court may, after hearing the applicant and any other persons who apply to the Court to be heard and appear to the Court to be interested, if it is satisfied that the variation, abrogation or alteration would unfairly prejudice the members of the class represented by the applicant, set aside the variation, abrogation or alteration, as the case may be, and shall, if not so satisfied, confirm it.

(7) A company shall, within 14 days after the making of an order by the Court on an application under this section, lodge an office copy of the order with the Commission and, if the company fails to comply with this provision, the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 128. Rights of holders of preference shares to be set out in memorandum or articles

128. (1) A company shall not allot any preference shares or convert any issued shares into preference shares unless there are set out in the memorandum or articles of the company the rights of the holders of those shares with respect to repayment of capital, participation in surplus assets and profits, cumulative or non-cumulative dividends, voting, and priority of payment of capital and dividend in relation to other shares or other classes of preference shares.

(2) If a company contravenes this section, the company and any officer of the company who is in default are each guilty of an offence.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 129. Company financing dealings in its shares, &c.

129. (1) Except as otherwise expressly provided by this Act, a company shall not- (a) whether directly or indirectly, give any financial assistance for the purpose of, or in connection with- (i) the acquisition by any person, whether before, or at the same time as, the giving of financial assistance, of-
Back to Top

(A) shares or units of shares in the company; or (B) shares or units of shares in a holding company of the company; or (ii) the proposed acquisition by any person of- (A) shares or units of shares in the company; or (B) shares or units of shares in a holding company of the company; or (b) whether directly or indirectly, in any way- (i) acquire shares or units of shares in the company; or (ii) purport to acquire shares or units of shares in a holding company of the company; or (c) whether directly or indirectly, in any way, lend money on the security of- (i) shares or units of shares in the company; or (ii) shares or units of shares in a holding company of the company.

(2) A reference in this section to the giving of financial assistance includes a reference to the giving of financial assistance by means of the making of a loan, the giving of a guarantee, the provision of security, the release of an obligation or the forgiving of a debt or otherwise.

(3) For the purposes of this section, a company shall be taken to have given financial assistance for the purpose of an acquisition or proposed acquisition referred to in paragraph (1) (a) (in this sub-section referred to as the ''relevant purpose'') if- (a) the company gave the financial assistance for purposes that included the relevant purpose; and (b) the relevant purpose was a substantial purpose of the giving of the financial assistance.

(4) For the purposes of this section, a company shall be taken to have given financial assistance in connection with an acquisition or proposed acquisition referred to in paragraph (1) (a) if, when the financial assistance was given to a person, the company was aware that the financial assistance would financially assist- (a) the acquisition by a person of shares or units of shares in the company; or (b) where shares in the company had already been acquired-the payment by a person of any unpaid amount of the subscription payable for the shares or of any premium payable in respect of the shares, or the payment of any calls on the shares.

(5) If a company contravenes sub-section (1), the company is, notwithstanding section 570, not guilty of an offence but each officer of the company who is in default is guilty of an offence. Penalty: $10,000 or imprisonment for 2 years, or both.

(6) Where- (a) a person is convicted of an offence under sub-section (5) (including an offence under that sub-section that is deemed to have been committed by reason of sub-section 38 (1) of the Companies and Securities (Interpretation and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1980); and (b) the court by which he is convicted is satisfied that the company or another person has suffered loss or damage as a result of the contravention that constituted the offence, that court may, in addition to imposing a penalty under that sub-section, order the convicted person to pay compensation to the company or other person, as the case may be, of such amount as the court specifies, and any such order may be enforced as if it were a judgment of the court.

(7) The power of a court under section 535 to relieve a person to whom that section applies, wholly or partly and on such terms as the court thinks fit, from a liability referred to in that section extends to relieving a person against whom an order may be made under sub-section (6) of this section from the liability to have such an order made against him.

(8) Nothing in sub-section (1) prohibits- (a) the payment of a dividend by a company in good faith and in the

Back to Top

ordinary course of commercial dealing; (b) a payment made by a company pursuant to a reduction of capital in accordance with section 123; (c) the discharge by a company of a liability of the company that was incurred in good faith as a result of a transaction entered into on ordinary commercial terms; (d) where a corporation is a borrowing corporation by reason that it is or will be under a liability to repay moneys received or to be received by it- (i) the giving, in good faith and in the ordinary course of commercial dealing, by a company that is a subsidiary of the borrowing corporation, of a guarantee in relation to the repayment of those moneys, whether or not the guarantee is secured by any charge over the property of that company; or (ii) the provision, in good faith and in the ordinary course of commercial dealing, by a company that is a subsidiary of the borrowing corporation, of security in relation to the repayment of those moneys; (e) an acquisition by a company of an interest (other than a legal interest) in fully-paid shares in the company where no consideration is provided by the company, or by any corporation that is related to the company, for the acquisition; (f) the purchase by a company of shares in the company pursuant to an order of a court; (g) the creation or acquisition, in good faith and in the ordinary course of commercial dealing, by a company of a lien on shares in the company (other than fully-paid shares) for any amount payable to the company in respect of the shares; or (h) the entering into, in good faith and in the ordinary course of commercial dealing, of an agreement by a company with a subscriber for shares in the company permitting the subscriber to make payments for the shares (including payments in respect of any premium) by instalments, but nothing in this sub-section- (j) shall be construed as implying that a particular act of a company would, but for this sub-section, be prohibited by sub-section (1); or (k) shall be construed as limiting the operation of any rule of law permitting the giving of financial assistance by a company, the acquisition of shares or units of shares by a company or the lending of money by a company on the security of shares.

(9) Nothing in sub-section (1) prohibits- (a) the making of a loan, the giving of a guarantee or the provision of security by a company in the ordinary course of its ordinary business where- (i) that business includes the lending of money, or the giving of guarantees or the provision of security in connection with loans made by other persons; and (ii) the loan that is made by the company, or, where the guarantee is given or the security is provided in respect of a loan, that loan, is made on ordinary commercial terms as to the rate of interest, the terms of repayment of principal and payment of interest, the security to be provided and otherwise; or (b) the giving by a company of financial assistance for the purpose of, or in connection with, the acquisition or proposed acquisition of fully-paid shares or units of fully-paid shares in the company or in a holding company of the company to be held by or for the benefit of employees of the company or of a corporation that is related to the company, including any director holding a salaried employment or office in the company or in the corporation, as the case may be, where- (i) in the case where neither sub-paragraph (ii) nor sub-paragraph (iii) applies-the company has at a general meeting; (ii) in a case where the company is a subsidiary of a listed corporation or listed corporations-the company and the listed corporation or listed corporations have at general meetings; or (iii) in the case where the company is not a subsidiary of a listed corporation but is a subsidiary whose ultimate holding company is incorporated in Australia or an external Territory-the company and the ultimate holding

Back to Top

company have at general meetings, approved a scheme for the provision of money for such acquisitions and the financial assistance is given in accordance with the scheme.

(10) Nothing in sub-section (1) prohibits the giving by a company of financial assistance for the purpose of, or in connection with, an acquisition or proposed acquisition by a person of shares or units of shares in the company or in a holding company of the company if- (a) the company, by special resolution, resolves to give financial assistance for the purpose of or in connection with, that acquisition; (b) where- (i) the company is a subsidiary of a listed corporation; or (ii) the company is not a subsidiary of a listed corporation but is a subsidiary whose ultimate holding company is incorporated in Australia or an external Territory, the listed corporation or the ultimate holding company, as the case may be, has, by special resolution, approved the giving of the financial assistance; (c) the notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution referred to in paragraph (a) as a special resolution sets out- (i) particulars of the financial assistance proposed to be given and the reasons for the proposal to give that assistance; and (ii) the effect that the giving of the financial assistance would have on the financial position of the company and, where the company is included in a group of corporations consisting of a holding company and a subsidiary or subsidiaries, the effect that the giving of the financial assistance would have on the financial position of the group of corporations, and is accompanied by a copy of a statement made in accordance with a resolution of the directors, setting out the names of any directors who voted against the resolution and the reasons why they so voted, and signed by not less than 2 directors, stating whether, in the opinion of the directors who voted in favour of the resolution, after taking into account the financial position of the company (including future liabilities and contingent liabilities of the company), the giving of the financial assistance would be likely to prejudice materially the interests of the creditors or members of the company or any class of those creditors or members; (d) the notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution referred to in paragraph (b) as a special resolution is accompanied by a copy of the notice, and a copy of the statement, referred to in paragraph (c); (e) not later than the day next following the day when the notice referred to in paragraph (c) is dispatched to members of the company there is lodged with the Commission a copy of that notice and a copy of the statement that accompanied that notice; (f) the notice referred to in paragraph (c) and a copy of the statement referred to in that paragraph are given to- (i) all members of the company; (ii) all trustees for debenture holders of the company; and (iii) if there are no trustees for, or for a particular class of, debenture holders of the company-all debenture holders, or all debenture holders of that class, as the case may be, of the company whose names are, at the time when the notice is dispatched, known to the company; (g) the notice referred to in paragraph (d) and the accompanying documents are given to- (i) all members of the listed corporation or of the ultimate holding company; (ii) all trustees for debenture holders of the listed corporation or of the ultimate holding company; and (iii) if there are no trustees for, or for a particular class of, debenture holders of the listed corporation or of the ultimate holding company-all debenture holders or debenture holders of that class, as the case may be, of the listed corporation or of the ultimate holding company whose

Back to Top

names are, at the time when the notice is dispatched, known to the listed corporation or the ultimate holding company; (h) within 21 days after the general meeting of the company at which the resolution referred to in paragraph (a) is passed or, in a case to which paragraph (b) applies, the general meeting of the listed corporation or ultimate holding company at which the resolution referred to in that paragraph is passed, whichever is the later, a notice- (i) setting out the terms of the resolution referred to in paragraph (a); and (ii) stating that any of the persons referred to in sub-section (9) may, within the period referred to in that sub-section, make an application to the Court opposing the giving of the financial assistance, is published, in each State and Territory in which the company is carrying on business, in a daily newspaper circulating generally in that State or Territory; (j) no application opposing the giving of the financial assistance is made within the period referred to in sub-section (12) or, if such an application or applications has or have been made, the application or each of the applications has been withdrawn or the Court has approved the giving of the financial assistance; and (k) the financial assistance is given in accordance with the terms of the resolution referred to in paragraph (a) and not earlier than- (i) in a case to which sub-paragraph (ii) does not apply-the expiration of the period referred to in sub-section (12); or (ii) if an application or applications has or have been made to the Court within that period- (A) where the application or each of the applications has been withdrawn-the withdrawal of the application or of the last of the applications to be withdrawn; or (B) in any other case-the decision of the Court on the application or applications.

(11) Where, on application to the Court by a company, the Court is satisfied that the provisions of sub-section (10) have been substantially complied with in relation to a proposed giving by the company of financial assistance of a kind mentioned in that sub-section, the Court may, by order, declare that the provisions of that sub-section have been complied with in relation to the proposed giving by the company of financial assistance.

(12) Where a special resolution referred to in paragraph (10) (a) is passed by a company, an application to the Court opposing the giving of the financial assistance to which the special resolution relates may be made, within the period of 21 days after the publication of the notice referred to in paragraph (10) (h), by- (a) a member of the company; (b) a trustee for debenture holders of the company; (c) a debenture holder of the company; (d) a creditor of the company; (da) if the company is included in a group of corporations consisting of a holding company and a subsidiary or subsidiaries- (i) a member of that subsidiary or of any of those subsidiaries; (ii) a trustee for debenture holders of that subsidiary or of any of those subsidiaries; (iii) a debenture holder of that subsidiary or of any of those subsidiaries; or (iv) a creditor of that subsidiary or of any of those subsidiaries; (e) if paragraph (10) (b) applies- (i) a member of the listed corporation or ultimate holding company that passed a special resolution referred to in that paragraph; (ii) a trustee for debenture holders of that listed corporation or

Back to Top

ultimate holding company; (iii) a debenture holder of that listed corporation or ultimate holding company; or (iv) a creditor of that listed corporation or ultimate holding company; or (f) the Commission.

(13) Where an application or applications opposing the giving of financial assistance by a company in accordance with a special resolution passed by the company is or are made to the Court under sub-section (12), the Court- (a) shall, in determining what order or orders to make in relation to the application or applications, have regard to the rights and interests of the members of the company or of any class of them as well as to the rights and interests of the creditors of the company or of any class of them; and (b) shall not make an order approving the giving of the financial assistance unless the Court is satisfied that- (i) the company has disclosed to the members of the company all material matters relating to the proposed financial assistance; and (ii) the proposed financial assistance would not, after taking into account the financial position of the company (including any future or contingent liabilities), be likely to prejudice materially the interests of the creditors or members of the company or of any class of those creditors or members, and may do all or any of the following: (c) if it thinks fit, make an order for the purchase by the company of the interests of dissentient members of the company and for the reduction accordingly of the capital of the company; (d) if it thinks fit, adjourn the proceedings in order that an arrangement may be made to the satisfaction of the Court for the purchase (otherwise than by the company or by a subsidiary of the company) of the interests of dissentient members; (e) give such ancillary or consequential directions and make such ancillary or consequential orders as it thinks expedient; (f) make an order disapproving the giving of the financial assistance or, subject to paragraph (b), an order approving the giving of the financial assistance.

(14) Where the Court makes an order under this section in relation to the giving of financial assistance by a company, the company shall, within 14 days after the order is made, lodge with the Commission an office copy of the order.

(15) The passing of a special resolution by a company for the giving of financial assistance by the company for the purpose of, or in connection with, an acquisition or proposed acquisition of shares or units of shares in the company, and the approval by the Court of the giving of the financial assistance, do not relieve a director of the company of any duty to the company under section 229 or otherwise, and whether of a fiduciary nature or not, in connection with the giving of the financial assistance.

(16) A reference in this section to an acquisition or proposed acquisition of shares or units of shares is a reference to any acquisition or proposed acquisition whether by way of purchase, subscription or otherwise.

(17) This section does not apply in relation to the doing of any act or thing pursuant to a contract entered into before the commencement of this Act if the doing of that act or thing would have been lawful if this Act had not been enacted.

COMPANIES ACT 1981 No. 89 of 1981 - SECT. 130. Consequences of company financing dealings in its shares, &c.

130. (1) Except as provided by this section- (a) the validity of a contract or transaction is not affected by a contravention of paragraph 129 (1) (a); (b) the validity of a contract or transaction is not affected by a contravention of paragraph 129 (1) (b) unless the contract or transaction effects the acquisition that constitutes the contravention; and (c) the validity of a contract or transaction is not affected by a contravention of paragraph 129 (1) (c) unless the contract or transaction effects the loan that constitutes the contravention.

(2) Where a company makes or performs a contract, or engages in a transaction, that would, but for sub-section (1), be invalid by reason that-

Back to Top

(a) the contract was made or performed, or the transaction was engaged in, in contravention of section 129; or (b) the contract or transaction is related to a contract that was made or performed, or to a transaction that was engaged in, in contravention of that section, the first-mentioned contract or transaction is, subject to the following provisions of this section, voidable at the option of the company by notice in writing given to the other party, or by notices in writing given to each of the other parties, to that contract or transaction.

(3) The Court may, on the application of a member of a company, a holder of debentures of a company, a trustee for the holders of debentures of a company or a director of a company, by order, authorize the member, holder of debentures, trustee or director to give a notice or notices under sub-section (2) in the name of the company.

(4) Where- (a) a company makes or performs a contract, or engages in a transaction; (b) the contract is made or performed, or the transaction is engaged in, in contravention of section 129 or the contract or transaction is related to a contract that was made or performed, or to a transaction that was engaged in, in contravention of that section; and (c) the Court is satisfied, on the application of the company or of any other person, that the company or that other person has suffered, or is likely to suffer, loss or damage as a result of- (i) the making or performance of the contract or the engaging in of the transaction; (ii) the making or performance of a related contract or the engaging in of a related transaction; (iii) the contract or transaction being void by reason of section 129 or having become void, or becoming void, under this section; or (iv) a related contract or transaction being void by reason of section 129 or having become void, or becoming void, under this section, the Court may make such order or orders as it thinks just and equitable (including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, all or any of the orders mentioned in sub-section (5)) against any party to the contract or transaction or to the related contract or transaction, or against the company or against any person who aided, abetted, counselled or procured, or was, by act or omission, in any way, directly or indirectly, knowingly concerned in or party to the contravention.

(5) The orders that may be made under sub-section (4) include- (a) an order directing a person to refund money or return property to the company or to another person; (b) an order directing a person to pay to the company or to another person a specified amount not exceeding the amount of the loss or damage suffered by the company or other person; and (c) an order directing a person to indemnify the company or another person against any loss or damage that the company or other person may suffer as a result of the contract or transaction or as a result of the contract or transaction being or having become void.

(6) If a certificate signed by not less than 2 directors, or by a director and a secretary, of a company stating that the requirements of paragraphs 129 (10) (a) to (j), inclusive, have been complied with in relation to the proposed giving by the company of financial assistance for the purposes of an acquisition or proposed acquisition by a person of shares or units of shares in the company or in a holding company of the company is given to a person- (a) the person to whom the certificate is given is not under any liability to have an order made against him under sub-section (4) by reason of any contract made or performed, or any transaction engaged in, by him in reliance on the certificate; and (b) any such contract or transaction is not invalid, and is not voidable under sub-section (2), by reason that the contract is made or performed, or the transaction is engaged in, in contravention of section 129 or is related to a contract that was made or performed, or to a transaction that was engaged in, in contravention of that section.

(7) Sub-section (6) does not apply in relation to a person to whom a certificate is given under that sub-section in relation to a contract or transaction if the Court, on application by the company concerned or any other

Back to Top

person who has suffered, or is likely to suffer, loss or damage as a result of the making or performance of the contract or the engaging in of the transaction, or the making or performance of a related contract or the engaging in of a related transaction, by order, declares that it is satisfied that the person to whom the certificate was given became aware before the contract was made or the transaction was engaged in that the requirements of sub-section 129 (10) had not been complied with in relation to the financial assistance to which the certificate related.

(8) For the purposes of sub-section (7), a person shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be deemed to have been aware at a particular