Contents
1............ Short title [see Note 1]....................................................................... 1
2............ Commencement [see Note 1].............................................................. 1
3............ The Criminal Code.............................................................................. 1
3A......... External Territories............................................................................. 1
3B......... Offshore installations......................................................................... 1
4............ Definitions.......................................................................................... 1
5............ Regulations......................................................................................... 2
Schedule—The Criminal Code 3
Chapter 1—Codification 3
Division 1 3
1.1......... Codification........................................................................................ 3
Chapter 2—General principles of criminal responsibility 4
Part 2.1—Purpose and application 4
Division 2 4
2.1......... Purpose............................................................................................... 4
2.2......... Application......................................................................................... 4
2.3......... Application of provisions relating to
intoxication.............................. 4
Part 2.2—The elements of an offence 5
Division 3—General 5
3.1......... Elements............................................................................................. 5
3.2......... Establishing guilt in respect of offences............................................. 5
Division 4—Physical elements 6
4.1......... Physical elements............................................................................... 6
4.2......... Voluntariness...................................................................................... 6
4.3......... Omissions........................................................................................... 7
Division 5—Fault elements 8
5.1......... Fault elements..................................................................................... 8
5.2......... Intention............................................................................................. 8
5.3......... Knowledge.......................................................................................... 8
5.4......... Recklessness....................................................................................... 8
5.5......... Negligence........................................................................................... 9
5.6......... Offences that do not specify fault elements....................................... 9
Division 6—Cases where fault elements are not required 10
6.1......... Strict liability.................................................................................... 10
6.2......... Absolute liability.............................................................................. 10
Part 2.3—Circumstances in which there is no criminal
responsibility 11
Division 7—Circumstances involving lack of capacity 11
7.1......... Children under 10............................................................................. 11
7.2......... Children over 10 but under 14.......................................................... 11
7.3......... Mental impairment........................................................................... 11
Division 8—Intoxication 13
8.1......... Definition—self‑induced intoxication............................................... 13
8.2......... Intoxication (offences involving basic intent)................................... 13
8.3......... Intoxication (negligence as fault element)......................................... 14
8.4......... Intoxication (relevance to defences).................................................. 14
8.5......... Involuntary intoxication................................................................... 15
Division 9—Circumstances involving mistake or ignorance 16
9.1......... Mistake or ignorance of fact (fault elements
other than negligence). 16
9.2......... Mistake of fact (strict liability)........................................................ 16
9.3......... Mistake or ignorance of statute law................................................. 17
9.4......... Mistake or ignorance of subordinate legislation............................... 17
9.5......... Claim of right.................................................................................... 18
Division 10—Circumstances involving external factors 19
10.1....... Intervening conduct or event............................................................ 19
10.2....... Duress............................................................................................... 19
10.3....... Sudden or extraordinary emergency.................................................. 19
10.4....... Self‑defence....................................................................................... 20
10.5....... Lawful authority............................................................................... 21
Part 2.4—Extensions of criminal responsibility 22
Division 11 22
11.1....... Attempt............................................................................................ 22
11.2....... Complicity and common purpose.................................................... 23
11.3....... Innocent agency................................................................................ 24
11.4....... Incitement......................................................................................... 24
11.5....... Conspiracy....................................................................................... 25
11.6....... References in Acts to offences......................................................... 27
Part 2.5—Corporate criminal responsibility 28
Division 12 28
12.1....... General principles............................................................................. 28
12.2....... Physical elements............................................................................. 28
12.3....... Fault elements other than negligence................................................ 28
12.4....... Negligence......................................................................................... 30
12.5....... Mistake of fact (strict liability)........................................................ 30
12.6....... Intervening conduct or event............................................................ 31
Part 2.6—Proof of criminal responsibility 32
Division 13 32
13.1....... Legal burden of proof—prosecution................................................ 32
13.2....... Standard of proof—prosecution....................................................... 32
13.3....... Evidential burden of proof—defence................................................ 32
13.4....... Legal burden of proof—defence....................................................... 33
13.5....... Standard of proof—defence.............................................................. 33
13.6....... Use of averments.............................................................................. 33
Part 2.7—Geographical jurisdiction 34
Division 14—Standard geographical jurisdiction 34
14.1....... Standard geographical jurisdiction.................................................... 34
Division 15—Extended geographical jurisdiction 37
15.1....... Extended geographical jurisdiction—category A.............................. 37
15.2....... Extended geographical jurisdiction—category B.............................. 39
15.3....... Extended geographical jurisdiction—category C.............................. 42
15.4....... Extended geographical jurisdiction—category D.............................. 43
Division 16—Miscellaneous 45
16.1....... Attorney‑General’s consent required for
prosecution if alleged conduct occurs wholly in a foreign country in certain
circumstances.................................................................................... 45
16.2....... When conduct taken to occur partly in Australia............................. 45
16.3....... Meaning of Australia........................................................................ 46
16.4....... Result of conduct.............................................................................. 46
Chapter 4—The
integrity and security of the international community and foreign governments 47
Division 70—Bribery of foreign public officials 47
70.1....... Definitions........................................................................................ 47
70.2....... Bribing a foreign public official......................................................... 50
70.3....... Defence—conduct lawful in foreign public
official’s country.......... 51
70.4....... Defence—facilitation payments....................................................... 54
70.5....... Territorial and nationality requirements........................................... 56
70.6....... Saving of other laws.......................................................................... 57
Division 71—Offences against United Nations and
associated personnel 58
71.1....... Purpose............................................................................................. 58
71.2....... Murder of a UN or associated person.............................................. 58
71.3....... Manslaughter of a UN or associated person.................................... 58
71.4....... Intentionally causing serious harm to a UN or
associated person.... 59
71.5....... Recklessly causing serious harm to a UN or
associated person....... 59
71.6....... Intentionally causing harm to a UN or associated
person................ 60
71.7....... Recklessly causing harm to a UN or associated
person................... 60
71.8....... Unlawful sexual penetration............................................................. 61
71.9....... Kidnapping a UN or associated person............................................ 62
71.10..... Unlawful detention of UN or associated person.............................. 62
71.11..... Intentionally causing damage to UN or associated
person’s property etc. 63
71.12..... Threatening to commit other offences.............................................. 64
71.13..... Aggravated offences.......................................................................... 64
71.14..... Defence—activities involving serious harm...................................... 65
71.15..... Defence—medical or hygienic procedures........................................ 65
71.16..... Jurisdictional requirement................................................................. 65
71.17..... Exclusion of this Division if State/Territory laws
provide for corresponding offences 67
71.18..... Double jeopardy............................................................................... 67
71.19..... Saving of other laws.......................................................................... 67
71.20..... Bringing proceedings under this Division......................................... 67
71.21..... Ministerial certificates relating to proceedings................................. 68
71.22..... Jurisdiction of State courts preserved.............................................. 68
71.23..... Definitions........................................................................................ 68
Division 72—International terrorist activities using
explosive or lethal devices 71
72.1....... Purpose............................................................................................. 71
72.2....... ADF members not liable for prosecution......................................... 71
72.3....... Offences............................................................................................ 71
72.4....... Jurisdictional requirement................................................................. 72
72.5....... Saving of other laws.......................................................................... 73
72.6....... Double jeopardy and foreign offences.............................................. 73
72.7....... Bringing proceedings under this Division......................................... 74
72.8....... Ministerial certificates relating to proceedings................................. 74
72.9....... Jurisdiction of State courts preserved.............................................. 75
72.10..... Definitions........................................................................................ 75
Division 73—People smuggling and related offences 76
Subdivision A—People smuggling offences 76
73.1....... Offence of people smuggling............................................................ 76
73.2....... Aggravated offence of people smuggling
(exploitation etc.)............. 76
73.3....... Aggravated offence of people smuggling (at least 5
people)............ 77
73.4....... Jurisdictional requirement................................................................. 78
73.5....... Attorney‑General’s consent required............................................... 79
Subdivision B—Document offences related to people smuggling
and unlawful entry into foreign countries 79
73.6....... Meaning of travel or identity document............................................ 79
73.7....... Meaning of false travel or identity document.................................... 79
73.8....... Making, providing or possessing a false travel or
identity document 80
73.9....... Providing or possessing a travel or identity
document issued or altered dishonestly or as a result of threats 81
73.10..... Providing or possessing a travel or identity
document to be used by a person who is not the rightful user 82
73.11..... Taking possession of or destroying another person’s
travel or identity document 82
73.12..... Jurisdictional requirement................................................................. 83
Chapter 5—The security of the Commonwealth 84
Part 5.1—Treason and sedition 84
Division 80—Treason and sedition 84
80.1A.... Definition of organisation................................................................ 84
80.1....... Treason............................................................................................. 84
80.2....... Sedition............................................................................................. 86
80.3....... Defence for acts done in good faith.................................................. 88
80.4....... Extended geographical jurisdiction for offences................................ 89
80.5....... Attorney‑General’s consent required............................................... 90
80.6....... Division not intended to exclude State or
Territory law.................. 90
Part 5.2—Offences relating to espionage and similar
activities 91
Division 90—Preliminary 91
90.1....... Definitions........................................................................................ 91
Division 91—Offences relating to espionage and similar
activities 93
91.1....... Espionage and similar activities........................................................ 93
91.2....... Defence—information lawfully available......................................... 95
Division 93—Prosecutions and hearings 96
93.1....... Institution of prosecution................................................................. 96
93.2....... Hearing in camera etc........................................................................ 96
Division 94—Forfeiture 98
94.1....... Forfeiture of articles etc.................................................................... 98
Part 5.3—Terrorism 99
Division 100—Preliminary 99
100.1..... Definitions........................................................................................ 99
100.2..... Referring States............................................................................... 103
100.3..... Constitutional basis for the operation of this Part......................... 104
100.4..... Application of
provisions.............................................................. 105
100.5..... Application of Acts Interpretation Act 1901................................... 108
100.6..... Concurrent operation intended....................................................... 108
100.7..... Regulations may modify operation of this Part to
deal with interaction between this Part and State and Territory laws........................................................................................................ 109
100.8..... Approval for changes to or affecting this Part............................... 109
Division 101—Terrorism 110
101.1..... Terrorist acts.................................................................................. 110
101.2..... Providing or
receiving training connected with terrorist acts.......... 110
101.4..... Possessing things connected with terrorist acts............................. 111
101.5..... Collecting or making documents likely to facilitate
terrorist acts... 112
101.6..... Other acts done in preparation for, or planning,
terrorist acts....... 113
Division 102—Terrorist organisations 114
Subdivision A—Definitions 114
102.1..... Definitions...................................................................................... 114
102.1A.. Reviews by Parliamentary Joint Committee on ASIO,
ASIS and DSD 117
Subdivision B—Offences 119
102.2..... Directing the
activities of a terrorist organisation........................... 119
102.3..... Membership of a terrorist organisation.......................................... 119
102.4..... Recruiting for a terrorist organisation............................................. 120
102.5..... Training a terrorist organisation or receiving
training from a terrorist organisation 120
102.6..... Getting funds to, from or for a terrorist
organisation..................... 121
102.7..... Providing support to a terrorist organisation................................. 122
102.8..... Associating with terrorist organisations......................................... 122
Subdivision C—General provisions relating to offences 125
102.9..... Extended geographical jurisdiction for offences.............................. 125
102.10... Alternative verdicts........................................................................ 125
Division 103—Financing terrorism 126
103.1..... Financing terrorism......................................................................... 126
103.2..... Financing a terrorist........................................................................ 126
103.3..... Extended geographical jurisdiction for offences.............................. 127
Division 104—Control orders 128
Subdivision A—Object of this Division 128
104.1..... Object of this Division................................................................... 128
Subdivision B—Making an interim control order 128
104.2..... Attorney‑General’s consent to request an
interim control order... 128
104.3..... Requesting the court to make an interim control
order................... 130
104.4..... Making an interim control order..................................................... 130
104.5..... Terms of an interim control order................................................... 131
Subdivision C—Making an urgent interim control order 133
104.6..... Requesting an urgent interim control order by
electronic means.... 133
104.7..... Making an urgent interim control order by
electronic means......... 134
104.8..... Requesting an urgent interim control order in
person..................... 135
104.9..... Making an urgent interim control order in person.......................... 136
104.10... Obtaining the Attorney‑General’s consent
within 4 hours............ 136
104.11... Court to assume that exercise of power not
authorised by urgent interim control order 137
Subdivision D—Confirming an interim control order 137
104.12... Service, explanation and notification of an interim
control order... 137
104.12A Election to confirm control order.................................................... 138
104.13... Lawyer may request a copy of an interim control
order................ 140
104.14... Confirming an interim control order............................................... 140
104.15... When a declaration, or a revocation, variation or
confirmation of a control order, is in force 142
104.16... Terms of a confirmed control order................................................ 142
104.17... Service of a declaration, or a revocation, variation
or confirmation of a control order 143
Subdivision E—Rights in respect of a control order 143
104.18... Application by the person for a revocation or
variation of a control order 143
104.19... Application by the AFP Commissioner for a revocation
or variation of a control order 144
104.20... Revocation or variation of a control order...................................... 145
104.21... Lawyer may request a copy of a control order.............................. 145
104.22... Treatment of photographs and impressions of
fingerprints........... 146
Subdivision F—Adding obligations, prohibitions or restrictions
to a control order 146
104.23... Application by the AFP Commissioner for addition of
obligations, prohibitions or restrictions 146
104.24... Varying a control order................................................................... 148
104.25... Terms of a varied control order...................................................... 149
104.26... Service and explanation of a varied control order........................... 149
Subdivision G—Contravening a control order 150
104.27... Offence for contravening a control order........................................ 150
Subdivision H—Miscellaneous 150
104.28... Special rules for young people....................................................... 150
104.28A Interlocutory proceedings............................................................... 150
104.29... Reporting requirements.................................................................. 151
104.30... Requirement to notify Attorney‑General of
declarations, revocations or variations 152
104.31... Queensland public interest monitor functions and
powers not affected 152
104.32... Sunset provision............................................................................. 152
Division 105—Preventative detention orders 153
Subdivision A—Preliminary 153
105.1..... Object............................................................................................. 153
105.2..... Issuing authorities for continued preventative
detention orders.... 153
105.3..... Police officer detaining person under a
preventative detention order 154
Subdivision B—Preventative detention orders 154
105.4..... Basis for applying for, and making, preventative
detention orders 154
105.5..... No preventative detention order in relation to
person under 16 years of age 155
105.5A.. Special assistance for person with inadequate
knowledge of English language or disability 156
105.6..... Restrictions on multiple preventative detention
orders................. 157
105.7..... Application for initial preventative detention
order....................... 158
105.8..... Senior AFP member may make initial preventative
detention order 160
105.9..... Duration of initial preventative detention order............................. 162
105.10... Extension of initial preventative detention order............................ 163
105.10A Notice of application for continued preventative
detention order. 164
105.11... Application for continued preventative detention
order................ 164
105.12... Judge, Federal Magistrate, AAT member or retired
judge may make continued preventative detention order 166
105.13... Duration of continued preventative detention order...................... 167
105.14... Extension of continued preventative detention order..................... 168
105.14A Basis for applying for, and making, prohibited contact
order........ 169
105.15... Prohibited contact order (person in relation to whom
preventative detention order is being sought) 170
105.16... Prohibited contact order (person in relation to whom
preventative detention order is already in force) 171
105.17... Revocation of preventative detention order or
prohibited contact order 171
105.18... Status of person
making continued preventative detention order.. 173
Subdivision C—Carrying out preventative detention orders 174
105.19... Power to detain person under preventative detention
order.......... 174
105.20... Endorsement of order with date and time person taken
into custody 176
105.21... Requirement to provide name etc................................................... 176
105.22... Power to enter premises................................................................. 177
105.23... Power to conduct a frisk search...................................................... 178
105.24... Power to conduct an ordinary search............................................. 178
105.25... Warrant under section 34D of the Australian
Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 178
105.26... Release of person from preventative detention.............................. 179
105.27... Arrangement for detainee to be held in State or
Territory prison or remand centre 181
Subdivision D—Informing person detained about preventative
detention order 181
105.28... Effect of initial preventative detention order to be
explained to person detained 181
105.29... Effect of continued preventative detention order to
be explained to person detained 183
105.30... Person being detained to be informed of extension of
preventative detention order 185
105.31... Compliance with obligations to inform.......................................... 185
105.32... Copy of preventative detention order............................................ 186
Subdivision E—Treatment of person detained 187
105.33... Humane treatment of person being detained.................................. 187
105.33A Detention of persons under 18....................................................... 187
105.34... Restriction on contact with other people....................................... 188
105.35... Contacting family members etc...................................................... 188
105.36... Contacting Ombudsman etc............................................................ 189
105.37... Contacting lawyer........................................................................... 190
105.38... Monitoring contact under section 105.35 or
105.37...................... 191
105.39... Special contact rules for person under 18 or
incapable of managing own affairs 192
105.40... Entitlement to contact subject to prohibited contact
order............ 194
105.41... Disclosure offences......................................................................... 194
105.42... Questioning of person prohibited while person is
detained........... 200
105.43... Taking fingerprints, recordings, samples of
handwriting or photographs 201
105.44... Use of identification material.......................................................... 203
105.45... Offences of
contravening safeguards.............................................. 204
Subdivision F—Miscellaneous 204
105.46... Nature of functions of Federal Magistrate..................................... 204
105.47... Annual report................................................................................. 205
105.48... Ombudsman functions and powers not affected............................ 205
105.49... Queensland public interest monitor functions and
powers not affected 206
105.50... Law relating to legal professional privilege not
affected................. 206
105.51... Legal proceedings in relation to preventative
detention orders...... 206
105.52... Review by State and Territory courts............................................ 207
105.53... Sunset provision............................................................................. 209
Division 106—Transitional provisions 210
106.1..... Saving—regulations originally made for the purposes
of paragraph (c) of the definition of terrorist organisation........................................................................................................ 210
106.2..... Saving—regulations made for the purposes of
paragraph (a) of the definition of terrorist organisation 210
106.3..... Application provision.................................................................... 211
Part 5.4—Harming Australians 212
Division 115—Harming Australians 212
115.1..... Murder of an Australian citizen or a resident of
Australia............. 212
115.2..... Manslaughter of an Australian citizen or a resident
of Australia... 212
115.3..... Intentionally causing serious harm to an Australian
citizen or a resident of Australia 213
115.4..... Recklessly causing serious harm to an Australian
citizen or a resident of Australia 213
115.5..... Saving of other laws........................................................................ 213
115.6..... Bringing proceedings under this Division....................................... 213
115.7..... Ministerial certificates relating to proceedings............................... 214
115.8..... Geographical jurisdiction...........................................
