Contents

Part I—Preliminary 1

1............ Short title [see Note 1]....................................................................... 1

2............ Commencement [see Note 1].............................................................. 1

4............ Extension to external Territories......................................................... 1

5............ Exclusion of Imperial Copyright Act, 1911....................................... 1

6............ Repeal of Copyright Acts.................................................................. 1

7............ Act to bind the Crown........................................................................ 2

8............ Copyright not to subsist except by virtue of this Act....................... 2

8A......... Prerogative rights of the Crown in the nature of copyright................ 2

9............ Operation of other laws...................................................................... 2

9A......... Application of the Criminal Code...................................................... 3

Part II—Interpretation 4

10.......... Interpretation...................................................................................... 4

10AA.... Non‑infringing copy of a sound recording......................................... 23

10AB.... Non‑infringing copy of a computer program.................................... 25

10AC.... Non‑infringing copy of an electronic literary or music item............. 25

10AD.... Accessories to imported articles....................................................... 25

10A....... Declarations and notices relating to certain bodies and institutions. 26

11.......... Residence in a country not affected by temporary absence............. 27

12.......... References to Parliament.................................................................. 27

13.......... Acts comprised in copyright............................................................ 27

14.......... Acts done in relation to substantial part of work or other subject‑matter deemed to be done in relation to the whole.......................................................................................................... 28

15.......... References to acts done with licence of owner of copyright............ 28

16.......... References to partial assignment of copyright................................. 28

17.......... Statutory employment..................................................................... 28

18.......... Libraries established or conducted for profit.................................... 29

19.......... References to Copyright Act, 1911.................................................. 29

20.......... Names under which work is published............................................. 29

21.......... Reproduction and copying of works and other subject‑matter........ 29

22.......... Provisions relating to the making of a work or other subject‑matter 30

23.......... Sound recordings and records........................................................... 33

24.......... References to sounds and visual images embodied in an article........ 33

25.......... Provisions relating to broadcasting................................................... 33

27.......... Performance...................................................................................... 34

28.......... Performance and communication of works or other subject‑matter in the course of educational instruction 35

29.......... Publication........................................................................................ 37

30.......... Ownership of copyright for particular purposes............................. 39

30A....... Commercial rental arrangement......................................................... 39

Part III—Copyright in original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works 41

Division 1—Nature, duration and ownership of copyright in works 41

31.......... Nature of copyright in original works.............................................. 41

32.......... Original works in which copyright subsists..................................... 43

33.......... Duration of copyright in original works........................................... 43

34.......... Duration of copyright in anonymous and pseudonymous works.... 44

35.......... Ownership of copyright in original works....................................... 44

Division 2—Infringement of copyright in works 47

36.......... Infringement by doing acts comprised in the copyright................... 47

37.......... Infringement by importation for sale or hire.................................... 47

38.......... Infringement by sale and other dealings............................................ 48

39.......... Infringement by permitting place of public entertainment to be used for performance of work 49

39A....... Infringing copies made on machines installed in libraries and archives 49

39B....... Communication by use of certain facilities....................................... 50

Division 3—Acts not constituting infringements of copyright in works 51

40.......... Fair dealing for purpose of research or study................................... 51

41.......... Fair dealing for purpose of criticism or review................................. 53

41A....... Fair dealing for purpose of parody or satire..................................... 53

42.......... Fair dealing for purpose of reporting news...................................... 53

43.......... Reproduction for purpose of judicial proceedings or professional advice 54

43A....... Temporary reproductions made in the course of communication.... 54

43B....... Temporary reproductions of works as part of a technical process of use 54

43C....... Reproducing works in books, newspapers and periodical publications in different form for private use 55

44.......... Inclusion of works in collections for use by places of education..... 57

44A....... Importation etc. of books................................................................. 57

44B....... Reproduction of writing on approved label for containers for chemical product 60

44C....... Copyright subsisting in accessories etc. to imported articles........... 61

44D....... Import of non‑infringing copy of sound recording does not infringe copyright in works recorded 61

44E........ Importation and sale etc. of copies of computer programs.............. 62

44F........ Importation and sale etc. of copies of electronic literary or music items 62

Division 4—Acts not constituting infringements of copyright in literary, dramatic and musical works 64

45.......... Reading or recitation in public or for a broadcast............................. 64

46.......... Performance at premises where persons reside or sleep.................. 64

47.......... Reproduction for purpose of broadcasting....................................... 64

47AA.... Reproduction for the purpose of simulcasting................................. 66

47A....... Sound broadcasts by holders of print disability radio licences........ 66

Division 4A—Acts not constituting infringements of copyright in computer programs 70

47AB.... Meaning of computer program........................................................ 70

47B....... Reproduction for normal use or study of computer programs......... 70

47C....... Back‑up copy of computer programs.............................................. 71

47D....... Reproducing computer programs to make interoperable products.. 72

47E........ Reproducing computer programs to correct errors........................... 73

47F........ Reproducing computer programs for security testing...................... 74

47G....... Unauthorised use of copies or information...................................... 75

47H....... Agreements excluding operation of certain provisions..................... 75

Division 4B—Acts not constituting infringements of copyright in artistic works 76

47J........ Reproducing photograph in different format for private use........... 76

Division 5—Copying of works in libraries or archives 78

48.......... Interpretation.................................................................................... 78

48A....... Copying by Parliamentary libraries for members of Parliament...... 78

49.......... Reproducing and communicating works by libraries and archives for users 78

50.......... Reproducing and communicating works by libraries or archives for other libraries or archives 83

51.......... Reproducing and communicating unpublished works in libraries or archives 88

51AA.... Reproducing and communicating works in Australian Archives...... 89

51A....... Reproducing and communicating works for preservation and other purposes 90

51B....... Making preservation copies of significant works in key cultural institutions’ collections 92

52.......... Publication of unpublished works kept in libraries or archives........ 93

53.......... Application of Division to illustrations accompanying articles and other works 94

Division 6—Recording of musical works 96

54.......... Interpretation.................................................................................... 96

55.......... Conditions upon which manufacturer may make records of musical work 97

57.......... Provisions relating to royalty where 2 or more works are on the one record 99

59.......... Conditions upon which manufacturer may include part of a literary or dramatic work in a record of a musical work.......................................................................................................... 99

60.......... Records made partly for retail sale and partly for gratuitous disposal 101

61.......... Making inquiries in relation to previous records............................ 102

64.......... Sections 55 and 59 to be disregarded in determining whether an infringement has been committed by the importation of records............................................................................................ 103

Division 7—Acts not constituting infringements of copyright in artistic works 104

65.......... Sculptures and certain other works in public places...................... 104

66.......... Buildings and models of buildings.................................................. 104

67.......... Incidental filming or televising of artistic works............................. 104

68.......... Publication of artistic works........................................................... 104

70.......... Reproduction for purpose of including work in television broadcast 105

72.......... Reproduction of part of work in later work................................... 106

73.......... Reconstruction of buildings............................................................ 106

Division 8—Designs 107

74.......... Corresponding design..................................................................... 107

75.......... Copyright protection where corresponding design registered........ 107

76.......... False registration of industrial designs under the Designs Act 2003 107

77.......... Application of artistic works as industrial designs without registration of the designs 108

77A....... Certain reproductions of an artistic work do not infringe copyright 110

Division 9—Works of joint authorship 112

78.......... References to all of joint authors.................................................... 112

79.......... References to any one or more of joint authors.............................. 112

80.......... References to whichever of joint authors died last......................... 112

81.......... Works of joint authorship published under pseudonyms.............. 112

82.......... Copyright to subsist in joint works without regard to any author who is an unqualified person 113

83.......... Inclusion of joint works in collections for use in places of education 113

Part IV—Copyright in subject‑matter other than works 114

Division 1—Preliminary 114

84.......... Definitions...................................................................................... 114

Division 2—Nature of copyright in subject‑matter other than works 116

85.......... Nature of copyright in sound recordings........................................ 116

86.......... Nature of copyright in cinematograph films................................... 116

87.......... Nature of copyright in television broadcasts and sound broadcasts 117

88.......... Nature of copyright in published editions of works...................... 117

Division 3—Subject‑matter, other than works, in which copyright subsists 118

89.......... Sound recordings in which copyright subsists............................... 118

90.......... Cinematograph films in which copyright subsists......................... 118

91.......... Television broadcasts and sound broadcasts in which copyright subsists 118

92.......... Published editions of works in which copyright subsists.............. 119

Division 4—Duration of copyright in subject‑matter other than works 120

93.......... Duration of copyright in sound recordings..................................... 120

94.......... Duration of copyright in cinematograph films............................... 120

95.......... Duration of copyright in television broadcasts and sound broadcasts 120

96.......... Duration of copyright in published editions of works................... 121

Division 5—Ownership of copyright in subject‑matter other than works 122

Subdivision A—Ownership of copyright in subject‑matter other than works 122

97.......... Ownership of copyright in sound recordings................................. 122

98.......... Ownership of copyright in cinematograph films............................ 122

99.......... Ownership of copyright in television broadcasts and sound broadcasts 123

100........ Ownership of copyright in published editions of works............... 124

Subdivision B—Specific provisions relating to the ownership of copyright in pre‑commencement sound recordings of live performances 124

100AA.. Application..................................................................................... 124

100AB.. Definitions...................................................................................... 124

100AC.. Application of sections 100AD and 100AE.................................. 124

100AD.. Makers of pre‑commencement sound recordings of live performances.. 125

100AE... Ownership of pre‑commencement copyright in sound recordings of live performances 125

100AF... Former owners may continue to do any act in relation to the copyright 126

100AG.. Actions by new owners of copyright............................................. 127

100AH.. References to the owner of the copyright in a sound recording..... 127

Division 6—Infringement of copyright in subject‑matter other than works 129

100A..... Interpretation.................................................................................. 129

101........ Infringement by doing acts comprised in copyright....................... 129

102........ Infringement by importation for sale or hire.................................. 130

103........ Infringement by sale and other dealings.......................................... 130

103A..... Fair dealing for purpose of criticism or review............................... 131

103AA.. Fair dealing for purpose of parody or satire................................... 131

103B..... Fair dealing for purpose of reporting news.................................... 131

103C..... Fair dealing for purpose of research or study................................. 132

104........ Acts done for purposes of judicial proceeding............................... 132

104A..... Acts done by Parliamentary libraries for members of Parliament.. 133

104B..... Infringing copies made on machines installed in libraries and archives 133

105........ Copyright in certain recordings not infringed by causing recordings to be heard in public or broadcast 133

106........ Causing sound recording to be heard at guest house or club........... 134

107........ Making of a copy of the sound recording for purpose of broadcasting.. 134

108........ Copyright in published recording not infringed by public performance if equitable remuneration paid 136

109........ Copyright in published sound recording not infringed by broadcast in certain circumstances 137

109A..... Copying sound recordings for private and domestic use................ 138

110........ Provisions relating to cinematograph films..................................... 139

110AA.. Copying cinematograph film in different format for private use.... 140

110A..... Copying and communicating unpublished sound recordings and cinematograph films in libraries or archives 141

110B..... Copying and communicating sound recordings and cinematograph films for preservation and other purposes 142

110BA.. Making preservation copies of significant recordings and films in key cultural institutions’ collections 144

110C..... Making of a copy of a sound recording or cinematograph film for the purpose of simulcasting 146

111........ Recording broadcasts for replaying at more convenient time......... 146

111A..... Temporary copy made in the course of communication................ 147

111B..... Temporary copy of subject‑matter as part of a technical process of use 148

112........ Reproductions of editions of work................................................. 148

112A..... Importation and sale etc. of books................................................. 149

112AA.. Making preservation copies of significant published editions in key cultural institutions’ collections 152

112B..... Reproduction of writing on approved label for containers for chemical product 153

112C..... Copyright subsisting in accessories etc. to imported articles......... 153

112D..... Import of non‑infringing copy of a sound recording does not infringe copyright in the sound recording 154

112DA.. Importation and sale etc. of copies of electronic literary or music items 155

112E...... Communication by use of certain facilities..................................... 155

Division 7—Miscellaneous 157

113........ Copyrights to subsist independently............................................. 157

113A..... Agents may act on behalf of groups of performers........................ 157

113B..... Consent to the use of a sound recording of a live performance...... 157

113C..... Use of published sound recordings when owners cannot be found etc. 158

Part V—Remedies and offences 159

Division 1—Preliminary 159

114........ Interpretation.................................................................................. 159

Division 2—Actions by owner of copyright 160

115........ Actions for infringement................................................................. 160

116........ Rights of owner of copyright in respect of infringing copies......... 162

116AAA........................................... Compensation for acquisition of property 163

Division 2AA—Limitation on remedies available against carriage service providers 165

Subdivision A—Preliminary 165

116AA.. Purpose of this Division................................................................. 165

116AB.. Definitions...................................................................................... 165

Subdivision B—Relevant activities 166

116AC.. Category A activity........................................................................ 166

116AD.. Category B activity........................................................................ 166

116AE... Category C activity........................................................................ 166

116AF... Category D activity........................................................................ 166

Subdivision C—Limitations on remedies 167

116AG.. Limitations on remedies.................................................................. 167

Subdivision D—Conditions 168

116AH.. Conditions...................................................................................... 168

116AI.... Evidence of compliance with conditions........................................ 172

Subdivision E—Regulations 172

116AJ... Regulations..................................................................................... 172

Division 2A—Actions in relation to technological protection measures and electronic rights management information 173

Subdivision A—Technological protection measures 173

116AK.. Definitions...................................................................................... 173

116AL... Interaction of this Subdivision with Part VAA.............................. 173

116AM. Geographical application................................................................ 173

116AN.. Circumventing an access control technological protection measure 173

116AO.. Manufacturing etc. a circumvention device for a technological protection measure 177

116AP... Providing etc. a circumvention service for a technological protection measure 180

116AQ.. Remedies in actions under this Subdivision.................................... 183

Subdivision B—Electronic rights management information 184

116B..... Removal or alteration of electronic rights management information 184

116C..... Distribution to the public etc. of works whose electronic rights management information has been removed or altered........................................................................................................ 185

116CA.. Distribution and importation of electronic rights management information that has been removed or altered 186

116CB... Exception relating to national security and law enforcement......... 187

116D..... Remedies in actions under this Subdivision.................................... 187

Division 3—Proceedings where copyright is subject to exclusive licence 188

117........ Interpretation.................................................................................. 188

118........ Application..................................................................................... 188

119........ Rights of exclusive licensee............................................................. 188

120........ Joinder of owner or exclusive licensee as a party........................... 189

121........ Defences available against exclusive licensee.................................. 189

122........ Assessment of damages where exclusive licence granted................ 189

123........ Apportionment of profits between owner and exclusive licensee.. 190

124........ Separate actions in relation to the same infringement..................... 190

125........ Liability for costs........................................................................... 191

Division 4—Proof of facts in civil actions 192

126........ Presumptions as to subsistence and ownership of copyright........ 192

126A..... Presumptions relating to subsistence of copyright........................ 192

126B..... Presumptions relating to ownership of copyright.......................... 193

127........ Presumptions in relation to authorship of work............................ 194

128........ Presumptions in relation to publisher of work............................... 195

129........ Presumptions where author has died.............................................. 196

129A..... Presumptions relating to computer programs................................ 196

130........ Presumptions relating to sound recordings..................................... 197

130A..... Acts relating to imported copies of sound recordings.................... 198

130B..... Acts relating to imported copies of computer programs................ 198

130C..... Acts relating to imported copies of electronic literary or music items 199

131........ Presumptions relating to films........................................................ 199

Division 4A—Jurisdiction and appeals 201

131A..... Exercise of jurisdiction.................................................................... 201

131B..... Appeals.......................................................................................... 201

131C..... Jurisdiction of Federal Court of Australia...................................... 201

131D..... Jurisdiction of Federal Magistrates Court...................................... 201

Division 5—Offences and summary proceedings 202

Subdivision A—Preliminary 202

132AA.. Definitions...................................................................................... 202

132AB.. Geographical application................................................................ 202

Subdivision B—Substantial infringement on a commercial scale 203

132AC.. Commercial‑scale infringement prejudicing copyright owner......... 203

Subdivision C—Infringing copies 205

132AD.. Making infringing copy commercially............................................ 205

132AE... Selling or hiring out infringing copy................................................ 206

132AF... Offering infringing copy for sale or hire......................................... 207

132AG.. Exhibiting infringing copy in public commercially......................... 209

132AH.. Importing infringing copy commercially........................................ 211

132AI.... Distributing infringing copy........................................................... 214

132AJ... Possessing infringing copy for commerce....................................... 216

132AK.. Aggravated offence—work etc. converted to digital form.............. 218

132AL... Making or possessing device for making infringing copy............... 219

132AM. Advertising supply of infringing copy........................................... 221

Subdivision D—Airing of works, sound recordings and films 221

132AN.. Causing work to be performed publicly......................................... 221

132AO.. Causing recording or film to be heard or seen in public.................. 222

Subdivision E—Technological protection measures 223

132APA Definitions...................................................................................... 223

132APB Interaction of this Subdivision with Part VAA.............................. 223

132APC Circumventing an access control technological protection measure 224

132APD Manufacturing etc. a circumvention device for a technological protection measure 228

132APE Providing etc. a circumvention service for a technological protection measure 231

Subdivision F—Electronic rights management information 235

132AQ.. Removing or altering electronic rights management information.... 235

132AR.. Distributing, importing or communicating copies after removal or alteration of electronic rights management information..................................................................................... 237

132AS... Distributing or importing electronic rights management information 239

132AT.. Defences......................................................................................... 242

Subdivision G—Evidence 243

132AU.. Prosecution to prove profit............................................................ 243

132A..... Presumptions in relation to subsistence and ownership of copyright 243

132AAA...................................... Presumptions relating to computer programs 244

132B..... Presumptions relating to sound recordings..................................... 245

132C..... Presumptions relating to films........................................................ 246

Subdivision H—Extra court orders 247

133........ Destruction or delivery up of infringing copies etc........................ 247

Subdivision I—Procedure and jurisdiction 247

133A..... Courts in which offences may be prosecuted................................. 247

133B..... Infringement notices....................................................................... 248

Division 6—Miscellaneous 249

134........ Limitation of actions in respect of infringement of copyright........ 249

134A..... Affidavit evidence........................................................................... 249

Division 7—Seizure of imported copies of copyright material 251

134B..... Interpretation.................................................................................. 251

135........ Restriction of importation of copies of works etc......................... 252

135AA.. Decision not to seize unless expenses are covered......................... 254

135AB.. Secure storage of seized copies....................................................... 254

135AC.. Notice of seizure............................................................................. 254

135AD.. Inspection, release etc. of seized copies......................................... 256

135AE... Forfeiture of seized copies by consent........................................... 257

135AF... Compulsory release of seized copies to the importer.................... 257

135AG.. Provision relating to actions for infringement of copyright............ 258

135AH.. Retention of control of seized copies............................................. 259

135AI.... Disposal of seized copies ordered to be forfeited.......................... 259

135AJ... Failure to meet Commonwealth’s expenses of seizure................... 259

135AK.. Immunity of the Commonwealth................................................... 260

Part VAA—Unauthorised access to encoded broadcasts 261

Division 1—Preliminary 261

135AL... Definitions...................................................................................... 261

135AM. Counterclaim................................................................................... 262

135AN.. This Part does not apply to law enforcement activity etc............. 262

Division 2—Actions 263

Subdivision A—Actions relating to unauthorised decoders 263

135AOA...................................... Making or dealing with unauthorised decoder 263

Subdivision B—Actions relating to decoders for subscription broadcasts 264

135AOB........................................................... Making decoder available online 264

Subdivision C—Actions for unauthorised access to encoded broadcasts 265

135AOC................................................................. Causing unauthorised access 265

135AOD..................... Unauthorised commercial use of subscription broadcast 266

Subdivision D—Court orders 267

135AOE Relief............................................................................................... 267

135AOF Destruction of decoder................................................................... 267

Subdivision E—Jurisdiction and appeals 267

135AP... Exercise of jurisdiction.................................................................... 267

135AQ.. Appeals.......................................................................................... 267

135AR.. Jurisdiction of Federal Court of Australia...................................... 268

135AS... Jurisdiction of Federal Magistrates Court...................................... 268

Division 3—Offences 269

Subdivision A—Offences 269

135ASA Making unauthorised decoder......................................................... 269

135ASB Selling or hiring unauthorised decoder............................................ 269

135ASC Offering unauthorised decoder for sale or hire................................ 269

135ASD Commercially exhibiting unauthorised decoder in public............... 270

135ASE. Importing unauthorised decoder commercially............................... 271

135ASF. Distributing unauthorised decoder.................................................. 271

135ASG Making unauthorised decoder available online............................... 272

135ASH Making decoder available online for subscription broadcast.......... 272

135ASI.. Unauthorised access to subscription broadcast etc........................ 273

135ASJ. Causing unauthorised access to encoded broadcast etc.................. 274

Subdivision B—Prose